N.S.E. 


<H] 


(MOT  FOR  MVMMIES) 

JOVRNF1L  OF  FIFFIRMFHOM 


Vol.  II. 


FEBRUARY 


No.  5 


'   J 


i 


•   vpv 

:^ 


'// 


EW5T-  FIVRORn-EWE  -^OVMTV-  NEW -YORK 


One  Century  Has  Passed 

OOKING  backward  One  Hundred  Years,  an  even  Century,  we 
mark  the  births  of  just  six  men.  Millions  of  men  one  hundred 
years  dead,  are  forgotten,  but  these  six,  only  six,  carved  their 
names  deep  in  the  Immortal  Tablet  of  Memory.  ^[Students  will  search 
for  a  common  reason  for  their  greatness;  for  a  single  quality  that 
marked  each  of  the  men  who  survived  the  Century  —  so  here's  a  hint. 
<I  Statesman,  Poet,  Musician,  Scientist,  representing  different  countries, 
different  types,  different  Ideas  and  Ideals,  loved  but  one  thing  in  com- 
mon —  in  all  else  they  differed  as  the  day  from  the  night  —  they  loved 
Books.  Lincoln  in  his  Log  Cabin,  Gladstone  in  his  Library,  Poe  in 
his  Garret  Sanctuary,  Mendelssohn  musing  o'er  his  music,  Darwin 
touring  the  World  —  found  in  books  ever  and  always  the  material  for 
dreams.  ^  These  men  opened  perpetually  the  windows  facing  the  East, 
they  welcomed  the  Sunshine  of  Knowledge  —  and  so  they  live  forever  in 
our  midst.  They  not  only  thought  their  own  thoughts  and  lived  their 

own  lives,  they  thought  other  men's 
thoughts  and  lived  other  men's  lives 
—in  Books.  They  read,  dissected, 
selected,  and  each  in  his  own  peculiar 
way  evolved  a  Major  Idea.  ^To  reach 
a  truth  you  must  first  acquaint  your- 
self with  all  truths  and  near-truths 
that  have  interested  Humanity  in 
the  past.  Pitfalls  a  thousand  years 
old  confront  you  at  every  turn;  with- 
out a  Road  Map  you  are  lost.  Books  are  the  beacons  that  beckon  and 
guide.  Books  are  the  foundation  stones  of  greatness.  C|During  the  Dark 
Ages  a  few  men  controlled  the  supply  of  Books,  and  that's  why  the 
Dark  Ages  were  dark.  And  that's  why  this  age  is  so  enlightened  —  a  few 
big,  broad-minded,  far-seeing  men  are  doing  all  in  their  power  to  spread 
knowledge.  Foremost  among  these  are  the  men  that  compose  the 

GLOBE-WERNICKE          COMPANY 

You  offer  a  man  an  opportunity  at  small  cost  to  add  to  the  attractive- 
ness of  his  home,  or  garret  bedroom,  at  the  same  time  a  chance  to  till 
his  mental  acreage,  and  its  dollars  to  doughnuts  he  '11  accept  —  provided 
he  is  the  Right  Man.  That's  the  GLOBE-WERNICKE  proposition.  They 
build  a  bookcase  so  beautiful,  so  moderate  in  price,  that  it  attracts  all  the 
growing  men,  the  aspiring  Booklovers.  No  matter  the  size  of  your  room, 
or  the  size  of  your  purse,  these  men  have  a  good  story  to  tell  you  about 

SloW^Vcrmckc    BOOKCASES 

the  "Made  Honestly"  kind,  furnished  in  six  different  shades,  in  sizes 
to  suit.  <JFolks  who  hope  to  live  a  Century  had  better 
write  GLOBE-WERNICKE  to-day  for  Special  Booklover-Book- 
case  Proposition.   Price-list  and  illustrations  —  sent  gratis. 

SloW?Wcrtnckc  Co.  CINCINNATI 


BRANCH  STORES:  New  York,  380-382  Broadway.   Chicago.  224-228  Wabash  Ave.   Boston,  91-93  Federal  St. 


February 


THE  FRA 


How  Much  Does  This  Mean  to  You  in  Cash? 
NO  STROPPING  NO  HONING 

asks  GILLETTE. 

BUSY  Business  Man  can't  keep  an  eye  on  his  razor  all  the  time. 
Occasionally  he  forgets.  So  there  comes  a  morning  of  a  weighty 
business-getting  conference.  His  appearance  has  vital  importance ; 
a  big  contract  hangs  in  the  balance.  It  is  not  a  piker  play.  €|  Taking 
his  Shaving  Outfit  he  hurries  to  the  bathroom ;  this  time,  above  all  others, 
he  wants  a  good,  clean  shave.  He  lathers  carefully — rubs  it  in  well — then 
Ou-och!  D — !  He  forgot  to  have  that  razor  honed!  fJWell,  no  time  for  the 
Barber  now;  he  simply  must  shave!  His  strop  helps  a  little — just  a  little. 
But — at  best  he  handles  a  dull  razor.  He  pulls,  he  tears,  he  scrapes,  he 
mutilates.  He  cusses  the  blade  and  its  maker ;  at  breakfast  he  scraps  with 
his  wife ;  on  his  way  out  he  kicks  the  cat,  and  eventually  starts  down-town 
in  a  rage,  ^f  An  hour  later  he  keeps  the  appointment.  His  appearance 
defeats  him.  He  looks  and  acts  like  "The  Morning  After."  The  usually 
suave,  polite  and  diplomatic  gentleman,  betrays  a  scarred  countenance 
of  many  hues,  and  a  boyish  temper  under  the  slightest  pressure.  He  fails 
to  create  a  favorable  impression.  He  loses  the  contract.  A II  because  he 
forgot  to  have  that  razor  honed.  fJThis  sounds  like  a  Fairy  Story — but 
instead,  its  a  Twentieth  Century  Fact. 

THE    GILLETTE    WAY 

WITH    NEW-PROCESS    BLADES 

has  made  it  possible  for  the  Business  Man  to  meet  the  emergency,  un- 
scarred,  unruffled,  with  his  wits  all  there;  possessed  of  Mental  Peace. 
That's  one  of  the  reasons  for  the  GILLETTE  Vogue.  <JThe  GILLETTE 
requires  no  stropping,  no  honing.  There  is  nothing  to  keep  in  order ; 
nothing  to  do  when  through  shaving  but  rinse  the  razor  and  wipe  it. 
And  you  never  want  for  a  keen,  sharp,  satisfying  edge  when  you  use  a 
Gillette.  Twelve  New-Process  Blades  (24  cutting  edges)  cost  only  $1 .00 

DO  YOU  RECOGNIZE  A  GOOD  INVESTMENT? 

Standard  set  in  velvet-lined,  full  leather  case,  with  triple  silver-plated 
handle  and  12  New-Process  blades  (24  cutting  edges).  Price,  $5.00. 
Combination  sets,  with  shaving-brush,  soap  and  little  accessories — handy 
for  the  traveling  bag.  Price,  $6.50  to  $50.00 


New  York 
Times  Building 


GILLETTE  SALES  CO. 

549  Kimbail  Building.  Boston 
Canadian  Off  ice.  63  St.  Alexander  St..  Montreal 

Factories:  Boston,  London,  Berlin,  Paris,  Montreal 


Chicago 
Stock  Exchange  Building 


n 


THE  FRA 


February 


A  BURPEE  has  studied  the  Subject  of  Gardening  as  a  mother 
studies  her  child.  He  has  not  only  assimilated  all  the  good 
Ideas  floating  in  the  Cosmos,  but  he  has  evolved  New  Ideas 
— dreamed  New  Dreams — and  then  proved  their  practicability 
at  Fordhook  Farms.  Fra  Burpee  uses  20th  Century  methods 
in  gardening:  a  gardener  with  a  big,  masterful  brain.  His  energy,  his  belief 
in  himself,  and  his  ability  to  execute,  have  emancipated  "  The  Man  with 
the  Hoe,"  and  made  surburban  life  worth  living.  Recently,  Fra  Burpee 
wrote  a  little  Book  about  gardening.  That  is  to  say  he  shaped  the  Ideas 
and  the  Book  wrote  itself.  Writing  about  Flowers  gives  Burpee  almost  as 
much  pleasure  as  planting  and  growing  them.  In  this  Book  he  sketches 
a  story  of  great  interest  to  Folks  who  love  BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS 

"A  GARDEN  OF  DREAMS" 

Tells  the  plain  truth  about  seeds !  It  also  tells  other  things  about  other  seeds. 
It  tells  about  gardeners,  gardens  and  gardening.  It  tells  of  the  largest  trial 
ground  in  the  world — Fordhook  Farms.  In  fact  it  tells  so  many  important 
things  about  the  garden,  that  Fra  Gardeners  cannot  afford  to  be  without  it. 

BURPEE'S 

The  Leading  American  Seed  Catalogue  for  1  909 

Handsomely  bound  in  covers  lithographed  in  nine  colors,  it  shows  with 
the  beautiful  colored  plates  (also  in  nine  colors)  Seven  Choice  Novelties 
in  Vegetables,  Three  Superb  "Spencer"  Swe'et  Peas  and  the  most  beautiful 
New  Giant-flowered  Pansies — all  accurately  painted  from  nature.  With 
hundreds  of  illustrations  from  photographs  and  carefully  written  de- 
scriptions, it  is  A  SAFE  GUIDE  TO  SUCCESS  in  the  garden  and  should 
be  consulted  by  every  one  who  plants  either  for  pleasure  or  profit.  While 
too  costly  a  book  to  send  unsolicited  ( except  to  our  regular  customers ), 
we  are  pleased  to  mail  it  FREE  TO  EVERY  IMMORTAL  who  has  a  garden 
and  can  appreciate  QUALITY  IN  SEEDS.  Shall  we  mail  YOU  a  copy? 
If  so,  kindly  name  THE  FRA  and  WRITE  TO-DAY. 

W.    ATLEE    BURPEE    &    COMPANY 

Burpee  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 


cotton  trade  takes  children  at  an  age 
before  they  have  acquired  strength  or 
mental  instruction  and  forces  them  into  mills, 
those  receptacles,  in  too  many  instances,  for 
living  human  skeletons,  there  robbed  of  intel- 
lect, as  the  business  is  now  often  conducted, 
they  linger  out  a  few  years  of  miserable  ex- 
istence, acquiring  every  bad  habit  which  they 
disseminate  throughout  society.  It  is  only  since 
the  introduction  of  this  trade,  that  children, 
and  even  grown  people,  were  required  to  labor 


more  than  12 
hours  a  day,  not 
including  the 
time  allotted  for 
meals.  It  is  only 
since  the  intro- 
duction of  this 
trade,  that  the 
sole  recreation 
of  the  laborer 
is  to  be  found  in 
the  pothouse  or 
ginshop  «at  It  is 
only  since  the 
introduction  of 
this  baneful 
trade,  that  pov- 
erty, crime  and 
misery  have 
made  rapid  and 
fearful  strides 
throughout  the 
community. 
"Shall  we,  then, 
go  unblushingly 
and  ask  the 
legislators  of  our 
country  to  pass 
legislative  acts 
to  sanction  the 
working  of  child- 
ren in  mills  ?  To 
sign  the  death- 
warrants  of  the 
strength,  morals 
and  happiness  of 
thousands  of  our 
fellow-crea- 
tures, and  not 
attempt  to  pro- 
pose correctives 
for  the  evils 
which  it  creates? 

If  such  shall  be  your  determination,  I  for  one, 
will  not  join  in  the  application;  nay,  I  will, 
with  all  the  faculties  I  possess,  oppose  every 
attempt  to  extend  a  trade,  that  except  in  name, 
is  more  injurious  to  those  employed  in  it  than  is 
slavery  in  the  West  Indies  to  the  poor  negroes. 
For  deeply  as  I  am  interested  in  the  cotton 
manufacture,  highly  as  I  value  the  extended 
political  power  of  my  country,  yet  knowing  as 
I  do,  from  long  experience  both  here  and  in 
England,  the  miseries  which  this  trade  as  it  is 


February 


THE  FRA 


111 


now  conducted 
inflicts  on  those 
to  whom  it  gives 
employment,  I 
do  not  hesitate 
to  say,  Perish 
the  cotton  trade ! 
Perish  even  the 
political  super- 
iority of  our 
country! — if  it 
depends  on  the 
cotton  trade  and 
the  blood  of  little 
children— rather 
than  they  shall 
be  upheld  by  the 
sacrifices  of 
everything  val- 
uable in  life."- 
Robert  Owen, 
written  in  1801. 


Henri  Rene  Guy  De  Maupassant 

The    Supreme    Master    of  the    Short   Story 
HIS  WORKS 

UST  two  kinds  of  people  condemn  De  Maupassant  —  the  very  ignorant  and  the  very 
hypocritical.  One  cannot  understand  and  the  other  will  not.  De  Maupassant  uses  a 
language  unknown  to  mediocre  minds.  He  deals  in  a  philosophy  that  scorns  the 
mossbacks.  He  handles  naked  facts  without  apologies  or  prayer.  <J  De  Maupassant 
writes  as  Old  Walt  used  to  write  with  the  same  full-grown-man  freedom,  but  with  a 
gentler  touch.  He  confides,  he  suggests,  he  invites,  he  stimulates.  He  finds  truth  a  wonder- 
ful vehicle,  and  all  subjects  are  sacred  to  him.  When  he  has  a  story  to  tell,  he  tells  it 
simply,  without  reserve,  as  he  knows  it;  as  an  unprejudiced  observer  would  see  the  thing. 
He  does  not  sneeze,  nor  cough,  duck,  dodge  nor  wiggle,  when  the  lines  grow  strong.  He 
cannot  change  it;  it  is  not  his  to  change  —  he  would  not  —  yet,  his  narration  compels  your 
keenest  admiration,  fj  Of  the  French  Writers  of  Romance,  no  one  made  a  reputation  so 
quickly  as  did  Guy  De  Maupassant.  No  one  preserved  that  reputation  with  more  ease, 
not  only  during  life,  but  in  death.  His  fame  will  always  endure,  for  he  was  a  keen 
observer  of  humanity,  and  a  consummate  artist  in  expression.  De  Maupassant  was  THE 
painter  of  humanity  in  words.  Without  hatred,  without  love,  without  anger,  without  pity, 
merciless  as  fire,  immutable  as  fate,  he  holds  a  mirror  up  to  life  without  attempting  judgment. 

Those  of  you  who  have  not  read  De  Maupassant  are,  as  yet,  asleep. 


SEVENTEEN  HANDSOME  DE  LUXE  BOOKS—  ACTUAL  SIZE  8x5i-2 

consisting  of  5,500  pages  printed  from  a  new  cast  of  French  Elzevir  type  —  elegant  and  clear  —  on 
pure  white  antique  egg-shell  finished  paper,  made  especially  for  this  edition.  Pages  have  deckled 
edges  and  liberal  margins.  There  are  30  illustrations  from  original  drawings.  The  books  are  exquis- 
itely bound  in  Blue  Vellum  De  Luxe  Cloth,  with  distinctive  brown  and  gold  title  label,  silk 
headbands  and  gold  tops. 

SPECIAL  OFFER  TO  FRA  FOLLOWERS  ! 

Complete  Edition  De  Maupassant's  Works,  value  $51.00  —  while  they  last,  $24.00,  provided  you 
forward  attached  coupon.  If  it  pleases  you,  you  may  pay  the  $24.00  in  twelve  payments  of  $2.00 
each.  These  books  will  be  sent  on  approval,  all  charges  prepaid.  You  agree  to  remit  $2.00  at 
once,  if  satisfactory,  and  $2.00  a  month  for  eleven  months.  If  you  don't  like  the  books,  Werner  & 
Company  will  arrange  for  their  return  —  no  cost  to  you.  Could  anything  b«  fairer  than  this  ? 

THE  WERNER  COMPANY,  AKRON,  OHIO,  U.S.A. 


not 

that  thy 
life  shall  come 
to  an  end,  but 
rather  fear  that 
it  shall  never 
have  a  begin- 
ning. —  Cardinal 
Newman. 

And  the  hints 
about  old  men 
and  mothers, 
and  the  off- 
spring taken 
soon  out  of 
their  laps. 

What  do  you 
think  has  be- 
come of  the 
young  and  old  men  ? 

What  do  you  think  has  become  of  the  women 
and  children? 

They  are  alive  and  well  somewhere. 

The  smallest  sprout  shows  there  is  really  no 
death, 

And  if  ever  there  was  it  led  forward  life,  and 
does  not  wait  at  the  end  to  arrest  it, 


FRA 


FOLLOWER         COUPON 


THE  WERNER  COMPANY,  Akron,  Ohio  :—  Please  send  me,  charges  prepaid,  for  examination,  the  com- 
plete works  of  GUY  DE  MAUPASSANT,  in  Seventeen  (17)  volumes,  bound  in  Blue  Vellum  DeLuxe  Cloth. 
If  satisfactory,  I  will  remit  you  $2.00  at  once  and  $4.00  per  month  for  eleven  (11)  months.  If  'not  satisfac- 
tory, I  will  advise  you  within  ten  days.  ^  Write  clearly  your  name  and  address. 


NAME- 


ADDRESS- 


And  ceased  the  moment  life  appear'd. 

All  goes  onward  and  outward,  nothing  col- 
lapses, 

And  to  die  is  different  from  what  any  one  sup- 
posed, and  luckier. — Walt  Whitman. 
£> 

One  touch  of  nature  makes  the  whole  world 

kin. — Shakespeare. 


YOU  ARE  TRUE  TO  YOUR  IDEALS  AND  YOUR  FAITH  IN  YOUR 
FELLOW-MEN  GROWS  FIRM,  WHEN  YOU  USE  SCHILLING'S 


VI 


THE  FRA 


February 


Are  Your  EYES  Normal  ? 

IF  NOT,  USE 

The  Ideal  Sight  Restorer 

For  15  Days  at  Our  Expense 

It  helps  Nature  in  a  purely  natural 
way  to  strengthen  the  eyes  and 
restore  the  natural  vision.  Its 
action  is  in  the  nature  of  a  gentle 
massage,  which  stimulates  the  eyes 
by  restoring  the  normal  circulation 
of  blood  — that  is  all  that  weak 
eyes  require.  But  it  does  more — it 
moulds  the  eye  painlessly  but 
surely  to  its  perfect  shape.  This  is  necessary  to  correct  near-sight, 
far-sight,  astigmatism,  and  kindred  defects.  It  is  absolutely  safe— it 
foes  not  come  in  direct  contact  with  the  eyes;  and  five  minutes 
manipulation,  in  your  own  home,  twice  aday,  is  all  that  is  necessary 
to  counteract  eyestrain  and  headache,  and  relegate  eyeglasses  to  the 
rubbish-box.  Throw  away  your  eyeglasses.  See  nature,  and  rend  with 
your  naked  eyes.  Write  for  instructive  booklet  and  15  days  test  to 

The  Ideal  Company,  321H  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 


THE  NORMAL  EYE 


sftgners  anfc  Cngrabtr* 

in  one  or  more  colors,  of  Illustra- 
tions for  high-class  CATALOGS 
Advertisement  Displays  or  Other 
Commercial  Needs.  BIRD'S-EYE  VIEWS, 
COVER  DESIGNS.  QOur  20  years  of  exper- 
ience combined  with  extensive,  well  equip- 
ped facilities  enable  us  to  offer  special 
advantages. 
GATCHEL  &  MANNING 

DESIGNEBS  ILLUSTRATORS  ENGRAVERS 

27  to  41  S.  6th  Street,  (cor.  Chestnut)  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 

Mention  THE  FRA  and  send  for  samples  and  further  information. 


"Rugs  is  Rugs" 

NOT  SO.   The  high-grade  Wilton  rugs  sold  to-day 
are  at  the  best  only  fine  carpets,  but 

The  "Hartford  Saxony "   Rugs 

are  real  rugs  embodying  those  qualities  of  color  and 
wear  so  long  credited  exclusively  to  the  Oriental  Rug. 

For  Illustrated  Booklet,  Address 
FRA  SAXONY,  41  Union  Square,  New  York 


FINICKY  FURNACES 

STEAM   AND   HOT  WATER  BOILERS  EASILY  REGULATED 

Let  the  little  General  Manager  make  "Jast  right  temperature"  a  certainty 
in  your  home  all  day  and  all  night.  T'I'his  Jewell  Controller  with  Time  Clock 
attachment  is  the  only  absolutely  accurate  controller  of  temperature  made. 
fYon  can  set  it  at  any  temperature  and  your  room  will  remain  at  that  tem- 
perature regardless  of  outside  changes.  Yon  can  set  it  for  CO  degrees  or  any 
temperature  at  night,  and  if  you  like  70  degrees  at  7  o'clock,  set  the  time  clock 
attachment  for  6.30  and  at  G.30  your  room  will  begin  to  warm  up,  and  at  7  it 
is  70  degrees  without  any  one  having  done  anything  to  the  controller.  Con- 
venient? Yes— and  unfailing. 

THE  JEWELL  CONTROLLER  With  Time  Clock  Attachment 
never  loses  thermostatic  control  night  or  day  for  a  moment.  Cannot  run  down 
with  draught  on.  TYou  can  depend  upon  the  Jewell— not  only  to  settle  the 
"Just  Hight  Temperature"  question  in  your  home,  but  to  save  coal  bills 
enough  to  pay  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time,  to  Bay  nothing  of  doctor  liills. 
The  discomfort  of  uneven  heat  and  danger  of  colds  and  resulting  serious 
illnesses  are  entirely  avoided  in  its  use.  Kvery  house  ought  to  have  one.  It  is 
convenient— economical— ornamental— necessary  to  good  health.  TBegTUatefl 
Steam,  Hot  Water  and  Hot  A  ir  with  the  same  unfailing  accuracy.  Write  for 
booklet  "The  House  Comfortable"  and  free  trial  offer. 
JEWELL  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  66  N.  GKEEN  ST.,  AUBURN,  N.  Y. 


"You    Do    the    Designing — We'll  Make    the    Hug" 

Thread  &  Thrum  Rugs 

The  most  artistic  rugs  made.  Different  from  all  others. 
Color  scheme  adapted  to  your  room  decorations,  self- 
tones  or  contrasts.  Seamless,  any  size  up  to  12  feet 
wide;  any  length.  Wool  or  camel's-hair  weft — heavy, 
reversible  and  durable.  If  your  dealer  does  not  sell 
them  write  for  color  card  and  price  list.  Address 
Arnold, Constable  &  Co.,  Distributing  Agents,  New  York 

The  Thread  &  Thrum  (Workshop,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


WILBUR'S 

CHOCOLATE 

BUDS 

Little  foil- 
wrapped 
forms  of  solid 
chocolate, 
deliciously 
flavored  and 
possessing 
that  smooth 
melting 

quality  to  be  found  only  in  the  very 
highest  class.  But  if  you  cannot  find 
the  Buds   on  sale,  we   will  mail  you 
prepaid  one  pound  for  a  dollar. 
A  sample  box  for  your  dealer's  name  and  30 
cents  in  stamps,  if  you  prefer;  but  only  one 
box  to  the  same  address. 
II.   0.   Wilbur  &  Sons,    New  and  Bread  Streets,    Philadelphia,  Pa. 


*J  Fit  A  readers  are  intelligent  and  dis- 
cerning. <J  Therefore  a  catalogue  that  is  a 
catalogue  and  yet  not  a  catalogue,  but  a 
Garden  Guide,  should  appeal  to  FRA 
readers.  C|  Boddington' s  Garden  Guide 
is  a  unique  152-page  Catalogue,  hand- 
somely illustrated  with  engravings  from 
life,  beautiful  color  insert,  art  cover  and 
concise  cultural  directions.  <1  It  'sfree  to 
FRA  Readers. 
ARTHUR  T.  BODDINGTOX,  SEEDSMAN 

DEPT.  Q,  342  W.  Hth  STREET,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Manuscripts     Typewritten 

EXPERT  SERVICE  MODERATE  FEES 

The  Appearance  of  Your  Work  In- 
dicates Your  Appraisal  of  Its  Value 

You  know  that  your  literary  product  is  worthy  of 
acceptance;  but  the  editor  must  be  show n.  Your  chances 
for  consideration  are  vastly  increased  by  having  your 
manuscripts  correctly  typewritten  by 

L.  E.  Swartz,  526  Newport,  Gross  Park,  Chicago 


February 


THE  FRA 


vii 


Falker's  Velvet  Suede  Skins 

3 DEAL  for  table-throws,  home  decorations, 
art  work,  etc.  The  soft,  velvety  texture  and 
exquisite  beauty  of  our  skins  must  be  seen  to  be 
appreciated.  All  colors.  Sent  by  us,  all  charges 
prepaid  for  $1.75  each,  HFree  sample  sheet  and 
full  particulars  cheerfully  furnished  upon  request. 

AUGUST      FALKER 

ART   SKINS,    DEFT.    3,   SYRACUSE,   N.    Y. 


THE  HOVSE  BEAVTIFVL" 


IT  costs  no 
more  to 
build  an  ar- 
tist ir  and 
attractive 
home  than 
the  Other 
Kind.  The 

day  of  Great  Houses  has  passed;  Bungalows  now  meet 
every  want.  Cozy  comfort  and  cleanliness  mean  more 
to  the  Home-seeker  than  Barren,  Barn-like  Halls. 
<J  The  Designer  and  the  Plan  make  the  Difference. 

THE   BUNGALOW    BOOK 

tells  and  illustrates  all  about  De  Luxe  Bungalows.    Price  $1.00 

HENRY       L.     WILSON 

Designer  of  Artistic  Homes.  Publisher  of  The  Bungalow  Book 
218  SOUTH  BROADWAY,  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL.,  U.S.A. 


"FROM  SEA  TO  SEA,"  by  Kipling. 
"You  must  take  off  your  boots,"  said  Y.  Tokai. 
"I  assure  you  there  is  no  dignity  in  sitting  down  on  the 
steps  of  a  tea-house  and  struggling  with  muddy  boots. 
And  it  is  impossible  to  be  polite  in  your  stockinged 
feet  when  the  floor  under  you  is  as  smooth  as  glass  and 
a  pretty  girl  wants  to  know  where  you  would  like  tiffin. 
Take  at  least  one  pair  of  beautiful  socks  with  you  when 
you  come  this  way.  Get  them  made  of  embroidered 
sambhur  skin,  of  silk  if  you  like,  but  do  not  stand  as  I 
did  in  cheap  striped  brown  things  with  a  darn  at  the 
heel,  and  talk  to  a  tea-girl." 

Kipling  suggests  silk  hose.  Fra  Elbertus  believes  in 
homespuns  or  woolens.  We  agree  with  Kipling.  Every- 
one should  wear  McCallum's  Silk  Hosiery  or  send  for 
our  interesting  booklet. 


JflcCaUum 


Company 


DINGEE 


Positively  the  best  groirn.    gold  on 

their  owu  roots  and  warranted  to  grow  am 

bloom.    Plant*  mailed  to  any  point  in  the 

United   States,      Safe   arrival   guaranteed. 

*'Slity   Years  Among  the  Ko»e»"  IB 

most  valuable  Rose  book  published.    Written  from  " 

our  60  years'  experience  as  the  leading  rose  growers. 

Describes  over  COO  distinct  kinds,  tells  you  the  beat  roi 

for  your  locality  and  how  to  make  them  grow  and  bloom 

pages,  illustrated  from  photographs.     Flower  and  vegetab 

seeds  a  specialty. 

friend  1O  cents  silver  or  stamps,  for  this  great  guide  to  rose 
cTilture.     With  it  we  send  a  due  bill  good  for  20c  on  the  Ilrst  order  f 
$1.00.     Write  to-day;  onlv  a  limited  edition. 

S'-nd  for  Tree  information  regarding  our  Great  Special  Offers. 

THE  DtNCEE  A  CONARD  CO.,  Box   20,  West  Grove,  Pa. 

The  Leading  Rose  Growers  of  JflUrva 
Fstahlished  1H50 70  Greenhouses 


Cadillac  "Desk-Table" 

a  desk  and  a  table  combined,  saving 
space  and  providing  the  most  convenient 
article  conceivable  for  studying  lessons. 

HOME  BUSINESS  WOMEN 

who  keep  monthly  accounts  and  "run 
the  house"  on  System  should  not  be 
without  one.  Write  for  Style  Book- 
Free  to  Fra  Followers  jt  jt  jt 

CADILLAC  CABINET  CO.,  Detroit,  Michigan 


WHY 

Do  Sears, 
Roebuck  & 
Co.  Use  The 
P  e  e  r  le  s  s 

Moistener  ? 

The  mailing  list  of  this 
nrm  is  one  the  largest  In 
the  world  —  surely  they 
are  in  a  position  to  know 
which  is  best  and  matt  economical,  T  The  Peerless  was  selected  by  this 


flve  million  lists,  and  thousands  of  others,  and  cheap  enough  for  the 
smallest  concern.  Send  75c  and  receive  the  Peerless  Moistener.  Aluminum 
and  German  Silver  (new)  pattern,  transportation  charges  prepaid. 

Absolute  refund  guarantee  if  It  fails  to  please. 

PEERLESS  MOISTENER  CO. 

CLAREMONT    AVENUE,    CHICAGO,    ILLINOIS,    U.  S.  A. 


50 


OPEN-AIR  BEDROOM  $12. 

Sleep  outside  in  your  home,  lying  comfortably  in  bed, 
protected  from  sudden  changes  of  the  weather,  storms, 
insects,  and  cold,  and  have  all  the  benefits  of  an  outside 
open-air  bedroom,  with  none  of  its  disadvantages.  No 
excessive  weight  of  bedclothes  to  tire  you;  the  body  is 
kept  warm,  in  a  warm  room,  and  uses  its  full  energy 
to  resist  disease  and  rebuild  brain  and  body  tissue, 
by  breathing  the  pure,  crisp,  outside  air  in  a 

WALSH  WINDOW  TENT 

Simply  raise  the  lower  sash  and  fit  it  into  the  window  without 
nails  or  screws.  The  tent  goes  over  the  pillow,  and  the  head  goes 
through  an  opening  in  a  laced-in,  flannel  bottom.  There  is  an  out- 
side awning  and  wind-break.  Complete,  ready  to  use,  $12.50; 
with  extra  bottom  to  facilitate  laundering  and  with  a  hood  and 
cape  to  protect  the  head  and  face  from  cold,  $15.00.  Send  height 
and  width  of  lower  sash  in  ordering.  Write  for  booklets  to 

WALSH     WINDOW    TENT     COMPANY 

314  Franlin  St.,  Morris  111.  Peterborough,  Ont. 

Agents  in  New  York,  Boston  and  Philadelphia 


ALMOND  FLEXO  ELECTRIC  LAMPS 

are  adjustable  to  any  position  "Like  a  Goose  Nock."  They  concentrate 
the  light  rays  on  the  oook  or  work,  shade  tht-  face  and  protect  the  eyes. 
T  Equally  adapted  fur  use  in  the  Dome,  office,  hotel,  public  building  or 
factory,  in  fart  anywhere  that  t'k'<-tn<'ity  is  used  for  lighting  purposes. 
^  Finishes:  Nickle  Plate,  Copper  Oxidize,  Wrought  Iron  and  Polished  or 
Brushed  Rrass,  with  cord  ami  plug  ready  to  attach.  T  Price  $8.60dellvered 
east  of  Mississippi  River.  T  Ask  your  dealer  or  send  to  us  direct  for 
catalog  showing  all  styles. 

T.    R.    ALMOND  MFG.    CO.,  ASHBURNHAM,   MASS.,  U.  S.  A. 


via 


THE  FRA 


February 


We  are  manufacturers  of  the  only  real 
hard  service  Waterproof  Clothing  that 
is  good  in  all  Climates.  Raino  is  suitable 
for  Automobilists,  Hunters,  Fishermen, 
Yachtsmen,  Switchmen,  Drivers,  etc  <&. 
Send  for  free  catalogue  and  sample  of 
material.  Dealers  also  can  now  be  supplied 
RAINO  COMPANY 

729  South  Halsted  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois 


Healthy  Trees  and  Roses 


Tree  Roses 
H.  P.  Roses    = 
Everbloomers 


75  cents  each 
35  cents  each 
50  cents  each 


Trees  and  Flowering  Shrubs  at  very 
Lowest  Prices.  We  sell  direct,  no  agents. 


Catalogue  Free.  A  postal  brings  it. 


Galbraith  Nurseries  &  Seed  Company 

FAIRBURY,    NEBRASKA,    U.   S.    A. 


Joseph  P.  Me  Hugh  &  Co. 


OF     NEW     YORK      CITY 

ESTABLISHED  1878 
Will  ship  on  receipt  of  $5.00 
(Money  Order  or 
N.  Y.  Draft)  the 
Bar  Harbor  Chair 
(Natural  Willow, 
Floss  Cushion)  dt 
Will  mail  for  25c. 
in  stamps  (to  be 
allowed  on  first 
purchase)theport- 
folio  of  1,000 
sketches,  illustrat- 
ing Quaint  and 
Unusual  Furniture  of  Original  Design  «Jt  jt  Jt  jt  Jt  J* 
Nine  West  Forty-second  Street.  Opposite  Library 
SIGN  OF  THE  "POPULAR  SHOP" 


COMMUNION  WINE 

POSTLES  of  Omar  Khayyam, 
knowing  the  grape  as  a  mighty 
factor  in  the  world's  intellectual 
development,  should  investi- 
gate the  contents  of  the  Catacombs  of 
Plohr.  «IA  select  list  of  Old  World  Ex- 
tracts— cobwebby  and  dust  covered- 
free  to  the  DESERVING  FEW 

HARRY  PLOHR,  Vineyard  Inspector 

66-72  ADAMS  STREET,  CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


PICKS'  BABY  VEHICLES 

WO     HUNDRED     STYLES 

Every  known  kind.   Every  appropriate  material 

WRITE  TO-DAY  for  CATALOGUE 
Prices  Range  from  $1.50  to   $40.00 

The  largest  baby  vehicle  factory  in  the 
world — gives  real  value  in  baby  vehi- 
cles. Even  our  cheapest  styles  get  the 
benefit  of  patents  used  in  the  better  grades.  Q  Any  Picks' 
vehicle  shows  the  twenty  years  of  experience  and  study 
behind  it — its  graceful  design,  its  balance,  upholstering 
and  finish.  CJ  We  guarantee  each  one  to  be  exactly  as  de- 
scribed. <{  Our  1909  catalogue  shows  all  the  shapes  andstyles 
of  collapsible  wood  and  reed  go-carts;  baby  carriages  with 
parasols,  hood  or  leather  top;  English  baby  carriages  and 
carrettes  <£  Send  your  name  and  the  name  of  your  local 
dealer  and  will  mail  you  our  catalogue — free.  Address 
The  National  Carriage  &  Reed  Cci. ,  424  Findlay  St. ,  Cincinnati,  0. 


Railroad  Terminal  Bonds 

YIELDING   4  1-2  PER  CENT  TO  5  1-2  PER   CENT 

Ofif  F  there  is  anything  which  gives  existing  railroads  a 

6  natural  monopoly,  it  is  the  almost  insuperable 

*  difficulty  of  new  lines  getting  independent  terminal 

facilities  in  the  large  cities.  C[  The  First  Mortgage  Bonds 

on  the  terminal  properties  are  usually  guaranteed  by  the 

railroads  owning  them  and  we  own  and  offer  on  a  special 

"Terminal  Circular  L,"  some  bonds  of  this  description 

yielding  4  1-2  per  cent  to  5  1-2  per  cent.  Investors  should 

have   this    circular    which  will    be   mailed  on   request. 

SWARTWOUT  &  APPENZELLAR,  Bankers 

40,  42  and   44   Pine    Street,    New    York    City 
FIRST    NATIONAL    BANK    BUILDING.   CHICAGO.    ILLINOIS 


Space  for 

200 
Numbers 


FREQUENT  'PHONE  CALLS 

AT     YOVR     FINGERS'     ENDS,     YKT 
CONCEALED   FROM   VIEW 

Lawyers,  bankers,  and  many  other  professional 
men  will  immediately  appreciate  the  value  of  these  features.  When  closed, 
it  '8  an  ornamental  aluminum  case  attached  to  the  'phone.  Simply  pull  down 
the  card,  (alphabetically  arranged),  obtain  number  you  wish,  and  card 

AUTOaiUAnTCICtSTELEPHONE  CARD   INDEX 

Saves  many  dollars'  worth  of  valuable  time,  but  cot>ts,  postpaid,  only 

FIFTY  CENTS.  For  sale  by  all  leading  stationers. 

Utica  Aluminum  &  Novelty  Work.,  360  Blceckcr  St.,  Ulica,  N.  Y. 


Stokes'  Standard  Seeds 

I  want  every  reader  of  THE  FRA  who  is  interested  in  grow- 
ing vegetables  or  flowers  to  write  for  my  new  1909  cata- 
logue— free.  Explains  my  new  way  of  selling  seeds — the 
best  in  each  class,  relieving  the  buyer  of  the  worry  and 
risk  of  selecting  jt  Shows  photographs  of  what  have 
actually  been  grown  from  my  seeds  and  gives  full  direc- 
tions to  insure  a  successful,  early  garden.  My 

"Bonny  Best"  Early  Tomato 

is  ready  for  the  table  before  other  varieties.  Finest  and  most 
prolific  strain  ever  produced.  You  should  know  about  it. 
Special  Ten  Cent  Combination  Offer:  Write  for  free 
catalogue,  or  send  me  lOc.  in  stamps — and  mention  THE  FRA — and  I 
will  send  the  catalogue  and  three  lOc.  packets  of  seed— one  each  of 
my  "Bonny  Best"  Early  Tomatoes,  "Stokes"  Standard"  Sweet  Peas, 
and  "Stokes'  Standard"  Single  Poppy  (Luther  Burbank  strain),  each 
unequaled  in  its  class.  Write  to-day. 

STOKES*      SEED      STORE 

Dept.  C      ki!9    Iviarkst   ttreefc,   Fhil^coipriia,  Peril*- 


February 


THE  FRA 


IX 


rO  look 
fearlessly 
upon  life;  to 
accept  the  laws 
of  nature,  not 
with  meek  res- 
ignation, but  as 
her  sons,  who 
dare  to  search 
and  question;  to 
have  peace  and 
confidence  with- 
in our  souls— 
these  are  the 
beliefs  that 
make  for  happi- 
ness.— Maeter- 
linck. 

j* 

is  mere 
childish- 
ness, or  else 
bigotry,  to  point 
at  Nietzsche's 
end  as  the  moral 
tag  of  his  life. 
If  he  had  lived 
during  the  Mid- 
dle Ages,  either 
he  would  have 
been  burnt  alive 
or  else  have 
proved  a  for- 
midable rival  to 
some  angelic 
bishop.  But  liv- 
ing in  the  Nine- 
teenth Century, 
a  century  of  in- 
difference to  men 
of  his  ardent 
temperament,  he 
erupted  his  own 

stake  and  fagots  and  the  mad  genius  within 
him  burnt  up  his  mind.  While  he  would  not 
have  so  astonished  the  world  if  born  to  work 
in  the  dogmatic  harness  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church,  yet  its  discipline  might  have  quieted 
his  throbbing  nerves,  and  perhaps  given  the 
faith  a  second  Rosmini. — James  Huneker. 

J* 

I  love  children.  They  do  not  prattle  of  yester- 
days: their  interests  are  all  of  to-day  and  the 
to-morrows— I  love  children. — Mansfield. 


That  Man  Has  Nothing  On 
His  Mind  But  His  Hat! 


O  sayeth  the  Wiseacre  with  a  know- 
ing Wink  3&  But   the  Wiseacre 
betrayeth  feeble  judgment  and 
falleth  far  short  in  his  joke,  provided 
the   man  weareth  a    Knox    Hat. 
€[  Prithee,  Kind  Friend,  do  not  cast  the  slur  sal- 
ebrous  at  an  advocate  of  Knox.  Be  assured  his 
thoughts  travel  on  a  high  plane,  when  he  circleth 
his  top-piece  with  the  Hat  of  his  Grandsire. 
People   of  Quality  wear  hats  of  Quality,  even 
unto  theThird  Generation.^  Latter-day  prophets 
who  proclaim  ever  and  anon,  in  voice  sonorous, 
'What  was  good  enough  for  Grandpapa  suits  this 
chickee  from  the  Head  Up,"  refer,  of  course,  to 


STYLE 


SERVICE 


Immortals  sanctify  their  thoughts  under  Knox  Hats 

Address:  Knox  Hats,  Planet  Earth 


ET  us  have  a  church  for  the  whole  man ; 

truth  for  the  mind ;  good  works  for  the 
hands ;  love  for  the  heart ;  and  let  our  doctrines 
and  forms  fit  the  soul  as  the  limbs  fit  the  body, 
growing  out  of  it,  growing  with  it  «£t  Let  our 
church  fit  man,  as  the  heavens  fit  the  earth.— 
Theodore  Parker. 

^ 

I  have  never  had  a  policy  j*  I  have  simply 
tried  to  do  what  seemed  best  each  day,  as 
each  day  came.— Lincoln. 


THE  FRA 


February 


OUsee,  boys, "said  the  Grizzled  Guide,  after  supper,  as  he 
lit  his  pipe  with  great  care  and  precision, — "a  Sport  and  a 
Sportsman  ain't  jess  the  same  man.  A  Sport  comes  to  the 
woods  to  get  somethin'  to  talk  about  when  he  gets  home; 
a  Sportsman  comes  for  sport — recreation.  A  Sport  does  most  of 
his  huntin'  at  the  end  of  his  trip,  'round  his  own  camp-fire. 
Thar's  when  he  shoots  his  big  game  and  has  his  narrer  escapes. 
Thar's  where  he  totes  his  heavy  pack  over  weary  miles.  Q  On 
the  trail  a  Sport  don't  tote  packs;  he's  always  tired.  He  plays 
poker  at  night  and  sleeps  late  in  the  mornin'.  He  carries  his 
ammunition  in  a  bottle,  and  when  he  hunts,  it 's  mostly  by  proxy. 
His  guides  supply  the  game.  A  Sport  wears  tailor-made  huntin' 
clothes,  and  a  carvin' -knife  or  two  in  his  belt — for  bears,  I  guess. 
But  of  all  things,  you  should  see  the  average  sport's  gun ;  all 
carved  and  silver-mounted,  all  frills  and  furbelows.  It  can't  hit 
nothin'  nohow.  <£  A  sure-nuff  Sportsman  carries  a  Winchester. 
Incidentally,  I  mought  mention,  a  Sportsman  knows  a  gun,  and  he 
requires  more  than  tassels,  tinfoil,  and  carved  butts,  with  inlaid 
this  and  that.  Q  You  see,  a  Sportsman  goes  to  the  woods  because 
he  loves  the  woods.  He  hunts  the  game  because  it's  exhilaratin'. 
But  he  ain't  bent  on  murder — he  gives  the  pursued  a  chance.  All 
things  bein'  equal,  he  knows  his  Winchester  will  bring  down  the 
prize — without  any  unfair  advantage.  A  Sportsman  always  gets 
his  share  of  game,  and  that's  all  he  wants — a  share.  He  likes 
huntin'.  Q  A  Sport— but,  Oh,  Shucks !  You  know,  boys.  C£  You  can 
pretty  generally,  mos'  always  in  fact,  tell  a  Sportsman  by  his  gun. 
He  likes  the  Old  Reliable  Winchester,  that  shoots  straight  and 
true  every  time  you  pull  the  trigger.  Why,  that  Texas  feller  who 
was  along  here  in  the  early  Fall,  told  me  that  as  many  as 

450,000    SPORTSMEN  USE 

WINCHESTER 

REPEATING    SHOTGUNS 

THE     GUN       IDENTIFIES      THE     MAN! 

The  United  States  Ordnance  Board,  after  subjecting  one  of  these  guns  to  the  severest  of  tests 
for  strength,  reliability,  accuracy,  penetration,  endurance,  excessive  loads,  defective  shells,  rust 
and  dust,  reported  officially  that:  "The  result  of  the  severe  tests  to  which  the  gun  was  subjected 
showed  that  every  part  was  strong  and  serviceable.  The  Board  finds  that  the  gun  possesses  the 
advantages  claimed  by  the  manufacturers."  <J  When  the  experts  comprising  the  United  States 
Ordnance  Board  cannot  suggest  any  improvement  in  a  gun,  it  means  that  it  is  as  near  perfect  as 
a  gun  can  be  made.  TJememier  this  when  in  the  market  for  a  shot-gun  and  buy  a  Winchester — 

The  Perfect  Repeater — endorsed  alike  by  Sportsmen  and  Government  Experts 
WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  CO.,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONNECTICUT 


come  into  most 
intimate  har- 
mony with  na- 
ture, whose  les- 
sons are,  of 
course,  natural 
and  wholesome. 
<IA  fragrant 
beehive  or  a 
plump,  healthy 
hornet's  nest  in 
good  running 
order  often  be- 
come object  les- 
sons of  much 
importance.  The 
inhabitants  can 
give  a  boy  point- 
ed  lessons  in 
punctuation  a  s 
well  as  caution 
and  some  of  the 
limitations  as 
well  as  the  grand 
possibilities  of 
lifejandbeiteven 
a  brief  experi- 
ence with  a  good 
patch  of  healthy 
nettles,  the  same 
lesson  will  be 
still  further  im- 
pressed upon 
him.  And  thus 
by  each  new 
experience  with 
homely  natural 
objects  the  child 
learns  self- 
respect  and  also 
to  respect  the 
the  objects  and 
forces  which 


VERY  child  should  have  mud  pies,  grass- 
hoppers,  water-bugs,  tadpoles,  frogs, 
mud-turtles,  elderberries,  wild  strawberries, 
acorns,  chestnuts,  trees  to  climb,  brooks  to 
wade  in,  water-lilies,  woodchucks,  bats,  bees, 
butterflies,  various  animals  to  pet,  hay-fields, 
pine-cones,  rocks  to  roll,  sand,  snakes,  huckle- 
berries and  hornets;  and  any  child  who  has 
been  deprived  of  these  has  been  deprived  of 
the  best  part  of  his  education. 
By  being  well  acquainted  with  all  these  they 


must  be  met. — Luther  Burbank. 

J* 

OTHING  is  easier  than   fault-finding; 

no  talent,  no  self-denial,  no  brains,  no 
character  are  required  to  set  up  in  the  grumb- 
ling business. — Robert  West. 

The  best  music  is  not  complete — it  ever  sug- 
gests something  beyond — it  is  only  a  symbol  of 
a  spiritual  condition  which  we  seek  to  attain. 
— Beethoven. 


February 


THE  FRA 


ROY CROFT   SUNDAY   SCHOOL   LESSONS 
FOR  FEBRUARY;  NINETEEN  HUNDRED  AND  NINE 

ARRANGED    BY    ALICE    HUBBARD 


Lesson  XXXVI— Sunday,  February  7,  1909 

LINCOLN 

General  Health  Thought:  Health  is  the  first  requisite 
for  every  position  in  life. 

Exercise  in  the  open  air ;  no  matter  about  the  weather. 
<J  Fletcherize,  taste  and  enjoy  your  food ;  no  matter 
where  you  board. 

Read  and  write  a  little  every  day,  and  think  your  own 
best  thoughts. 

LINCOLN— THE  FAVORED  OF  THE  GODS 

BLESSED  is  that  man  who  hungers  and  thirsts 
after  knowledge.  Such  a  man  becomes  educated. 
Q  It  is  a  great  calamity  to  be  born  where  there  are 
too  many  things  and  too  many  opportunities. 
We  are  all  hunters  by  instinct,  prenatal  influence. 
There  is  no  joy  like  that  which  comes  from  the  chase. 
The  hunt  for  an  idea,  thought,  knowledge,  is  health, 
wealth  and  happiness. 

The  person  who  genuinely~appreciates,white  hyacinths 
and  sweet  violets,  is  the  one  who  has  had  a  little  of 
their  perfume,  has  lost  it,  remembers  it,  and  now  and 
then  finds  the  flowers  in  their  seasons. 
Horace  Fletcher  tells  us  we  should  not  eat,  are  not 
nourished,  unless  the  thought  or  smell  of  food  makes 
the  mouth  water :  then  eat  and  you  have  the  gracious 
pleasure  of  knowing  gratitude  for  the  privilege  of  food. 
There  should  be  joy  in  the  exercise  of  every  function 
of  the  body,  says  Dr.  Emerson.  If  there  is  not  satis- 
faction in  the  exercise,  rest  assured  you  have  committed 
the  sin  of  surfeit. 

If  you  want  a  thrill  of  delight  from  reading  a  book, 
have  just  one  good  one  within  reach.  Children  brought 
up  in  a  great  library  seldom  become  scholars. 
Happy  is  that  man  who  is  deprived  of  the  opportunities 
of  school  and  many  books  throughout  his  life,  and 
who  never  outgrows  the  delusion  that  he  has  missed 
something  of  great  importance  out  of  his  life  by  not 
going  to  school  or  having  a  great  library.  Such  men 
become  educated  for  they  acquire  the  study  habit  and 
value  every  opportunity. 

To  be  born  where  there  are  no  books,  does  not  neces- 
sarily make  the  eager  brain,  but  to  be  born  in  a  cabin 
where  there  is  but  one  book,  and  to  have  the  endow- 
ment of  a  hungry  mind  and  never  to  have  time  to 
quite  satiate  that  hunger,  is  to  have  lived. 


Abraham  Lincoln  was  born  in  a  little  log  cabin,  Hardin 
County,  Kentucky,  a  mile  or  a  mile  and  a  half  from 
Hodgen's  Mill,  February  Twelfth,  Eighteen  Hundred 
and  Nine. 

He  had  a  hungry  mind  and  great  responsibilities. 
He  said  that  the  sum  of  all  his  schooling  was  less  than 
a  year  and  he  was  never  in  a  college  or  university  as 
a  student.  He  studied  and  nearly  mastered  the  six  books 
of  Euclid  when  he  was  a  Congressman  at  Washington. 
He  read  comparatively  few  books,  but  he  was  a  mine 
of  information.  He  knew  so  many  things  that  are  so, 
that  he  was  a  distinguished,  scholar.  He  never  had. a 
tutor  in  rhetoric  and  yet  lie  wrdte clasgjtf  Ejo.^^^;  tfiis 
letters  are  models  for  .those'  w:hp  '$.$$•  -tne  j£r;e,e,'requi- 
sites,  "clearness,  force  and  eleganpel'V;  ,;.;:]•;;-, 
Nancy  Hanks  Lincoln  died  tahen., little,  Abe!, .lyas  nine 
years  old.  "Take  care  of  her,  Abe!'*,  saul  t]ae..;dyin.g 
mother,  pointing  to  her  little  daughter,.  .Anil.'A praham 
Lincoln,  as  boy  or  man,  never  shirked'  a^ab^Lgatjon 
or  hardship,  the  hungry  riiihd!  Gfaye  re'spon^jbility ! 
Poverty!  Strength!  <<.<•>. 


What  a  gift  for  the  gods  to  bestow  upon  a  man  when 
they  wanted  to  produce  an  equal! 
Lincoln  never  tired  out  his  brain  cramming  for  exams. 
He  never  became  so  familiar  with  the  backs  of  books 
that  he  had  a  contempt  for  what  was  within  the  covers. 
He  had  a  reverent  mind  for  truth. 
He  knew  values  and  he  knew  the  relation  of  values; 
and  that  is  education.  He  never  mistook  for  a  great 
thought  one  of  little  or  no  importance,  no  matter  how 
it  strutted  and  paraded  before  him. 
And  any  one  who  has  the  sense  of  values  has  the  sense 
of  humor  ,.<  Lincoln  knew  that  seriousness  was  not 
always  wisdom  and  that  a  good  joke  often  caused  one  to 
see  truth.  <J  Lincoln  never  learned  it  out  of  books,  but 
he  knew  that  the  law  that  controls  us  is  ebb  and  flow, 
systole  and  diastole,  fl  He  knew  that  we  are  sane  onfy 
when  tension  is  followed  by  relaxation. 
In  conducting  the  affairs  of  State,  when  Lincoln  found 
his  Cabinet  Members  rigidly  serious,  assembled  for 
grave  council  and  momentous  decisions,  he  never 
proceeded  to  the  business  at  hand  until,  by  his  wise 
humor,  he  had  caused  the  rigor  of  countenance  to 
relax  into  a  smile  or  a  genuine  ha !  ha ! 
Then  he  could  give  candid  thought  to  matters  of 
gravest  importance.  Only  a  mind  free  from  tension 
could  formulate  such  thought  as  the  following: 
With  malice  toward  none;  with  charity  for  all;  with 
firmness  in  the  right,  as  God  gives  us  to  see  the  right, 
let  us  strive  to  finish  the  work  we  are  in;  to  bind  up 
the  nation's  wounds;  to  care  for  him  who  shall  have 
borne  the  battle,  and  for  his  widow,  and  his  orphan — 
to  do  all  which  may  achieve  and  cherish  a  just  and 
lasting  peace  among  ourselves  and  with  all  nations. 

(3*     e£*     vr1 

Lesson  XXXVII — Sunday,  February  14,  1909 
LINCOLN— THE  WORKINGMAN 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  was  educated  by  his  work. 
There  never  has  been  a  story  whose  influence  has 
had  so  evil  an  effect  upon  humanity  as  that  Eve  and 
Adam  fable.  In  this  story  the  woman  has  been  given 
the  first  place  jn  responsibility  without  let  or  hindrance. 
<I  Eve  was  an  afterthought  on  the  part  of  Jehovah,  but 
she  was  the  first  choice  on  the  part  of  Monsieur,  le 
Serpent.  She  it  was  who  got  inside  information.  It 
was  she  who  had  the  first  taste  of  the  fruit  of  the 
tree  of  knowledge.  It  was  Eve  who  recognized  that 
to  banquet  alone  was  not  good.  She  gave  to  male  man 
the  education  she  herself  had  acquired. 
But  the  predominating  thought  of  the  Garden  of  Eden 
story  is  this:  Idleness,  ease,  luxury,  indolence,  help- 
lessness, with  all  that  goes  with  such  qualities. 
"Work  is  a  punishment" — that  is  the  cause  of  the 
fall  of  man,  if  man  ever  has  fallen! 
Indolence  and  ease,  ignorance  and  vacuity,  are  the 
ideals  of  the  perfect  state  pictured  to  us  in  the  Bible. 
Adam  and  Eve  were  without  defect  when  they  did 
nothing  all  day  long.  , . . ... v  •.  . 

If  God  did  drive  Adam  and  Eve  out  of  the  Garden  of 
Idleness  arid; put: th«tii  into  the  ;barren  fields  to  work, 
bamng  Jheir  i;eturp  :  with,  a^  flaniing  sword,  it  was 
certainly  the  wort  "of1  a' God'/. .  V  .D; 
Work  has  been  and  is  'the  'revolution  of -'the  race. 
Socrates  taught  this.  But  the  Christian  religion,  as 
well  as  a  few  other  re.ligions,  &as  ^aujjhT.lifraX  work 
is  a  curse  and  notjjj^1fpraj^^^^ppiOQn^™*ot 
and  not.  f or .  salvatip'hV  $ut '  jve  know  n^w  that  Without 
work  theris  is  only  death. 


THE  FRA 


February 


The  story  of  the  pot  of  gold  at  the  end  of  the  rainbow 

is  more -righteous  than  that  of  a  heaven  in  which  man 

is  in  a  state  of  coma. 

It  is  in  the  chase,  the  exercise,  the  bringing  into  play 

all  muscles,  all  nerves,  all  brain  cells,  that  there  is 

life  and  salvation. 

Activity  is  life.  Directed  energy  is  civilization. 

An  evolved  man  knows  the  value  of  work.  To  teach  a 

child  to  acquire  the  work  habit  is  to  benefit  him  far 

more  than  to  give  him  books  or  money.  It  is  a  safety 

beyond  that  of  estates  and  securities  in  bonds. 

Lincoln  knew  the  value  of  work. 

All  his  life,  his  circumstances  made  him  work  from 

the  time  he  could  bring  into  the  one  room  of  the  log 

cabin  a  pan  of   chips   with   which  to  start  the  fire. 

Later  he  must  bring  in  the  wood,  then  cut  the  wood 

that  made  the  fire  that  cooked  the  dinner. 

When  Lincoln  was  seven  years  old  his  father  moved 

from  Kentucky  to  Spencer  County,  Indiana,  into  an 

unbroken  forest.  The  first  work  of  the  new  settlers 

was  to  make  a  clearing  and  build  a  log  cabin. 

In  this  work  of  building  little  Abe  was  an  important 

factor.  He  was  soon  able  to  fell  a  tree  like  a  woodman, 

and  he  says  that  until  he  was  twenty-two  he  was  almost 

constantly  handling  that  "most  useful    instrument" 

— the  ax.  He  had  the  work  habit  and  Necessity  never 

allowed  him  to  forget  to  do  useful  things. 

I  am  always  for  the  man  who  wishes  to  work,  be  says. 

If  you  intend  to  go  to  work,  there  is  no  better  place 

than  right  where  you  are;  if  you  do  not  intend  to  go 

to  work,  you  cannot  get  along  anywhere. 

This  is  the  answer  Mr.  Lincoln  gave  to  a  man  who 

wanted  others  to  work  for  him,  to  help  him  because 

he  somehow  did  n't  get  along — he  had  hard  luck : 

I  am  not  ashamed  to  confess  that  twenty-five  years 

ago  I  was  a  hired  laborer,  mauling  rails,  at  work  on 

a  flatboat — just  what  might  happen  to  any  poor  man's 

son.  I  want  every  man  to  have  a  chance. 

To  Lincoln  "a  chance"  was  an  opportunity  to  work. 

<J  The  following  letter  was  written  to  Major  Ramsey, 

October  Seventeenth,  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Sixty-one. 

My  dear  Sir: 

The  lady  beaiei  of  this  says  she  has  two  sons  who 
want  to  work.  Set  them  at  it,  if  possible.  Wanting  to 
work  is  so  rare  a  want  that  it  should  be  encouraged. 

A.  LINCOLN. 

Lincoln  considered  that  any  one  who  could  not  get 
along  without  borrowing  money  at  intervals  had  a 
defect  in  his  character.  Thus  he  wrote  to  a  friend : 

What  that  defect  is,  I  think  I  know.  You  are  not  lazy, 
and  still  you  are  an  idler.  I  doubt  whether,  since  I  saw 
you,  you  have  done  a  good  whole  day's  work  in  any 
one  day.  You  do  not  very  much  dislike  to  work,  and 
still  you  do  not  work  much,  merely  because  it  does  not 
seem  to  you  that  you  could  get  much  for  it.  This  habit 
of  uselessly  wasting  time  is  the  whole  difficulty;  it  is 
vastly  important  to  you,  and  still  more  so  to  your  chil- 
dren, that  you  should  break  the  habit.  You  are  now  in 
need  of  some  money;  and  what  I  propose  is,  that  you 
shall  go  to  work,  tooth  and  nail,  for  somebody  who  will 
give  you  money  for  it.  Go  to  work  is  the  only  cure  for 
your  case. 

jt  jt  -jt 

Lesson  XXXVIII — Sunday,  February  21,  1909 
LINCOLN— THE  EDUCATED  MAN 

N  the  year  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Nine  were  born: 
Gladstone,  the  Statesman; 
Darwin,  the  Scientist; 
Tennyson,  the  Poet; 
Mendelssohn,  the  Musician; 
Poe,  the  Poet  of  delirium;  and 
Abraham  Lincoln,  the  Man  of  the  people. 


I 


Lincoln  was  not  a  specialist  as  was  each  of  the  others 
mentioned. 

Gladstone's  theology  and  his  religion  were  made  for 
him.  When  the  Ship  of  State  was  steering  toward 
a  theological  rock  it  was  so  much  the  worse  for  the 
ship.  Gladstone  dynamited  no  orthodox  rocks  to  clear 
the  harbor  and  make  navigation  better.  What  the 
Bible  said  about  your  first  wife's  relation,  and  women 
as  being  in  all  obedience  subject  to  their  husbands, 
was  final  truth  to  him  and  not  to  be  discussed. 
Lincoln  made  his  own  religion,  and  was  guided  in 
his  actions  by  his  reason  and  his  heart. 

Lincoln's  search  for  truth  and  openness  of  mind  to 

the  truth  was  no  less  than  Darwin's,  though  his  work 

was  with  and  for  the  government  of  the  people,  and 

not  in  natural  science. 

Lincoln  was  a  practical  man  and  he  never  put  an  enemy 

into  his  mouth  to  steal  away  his  brain. 

He  was  untutored  in  school  and  not  a  writing  man  by 

profession,  yet  he  wrote  a  few  sentences  that  masters 

in  literature  might  well  envy. 

The  signs  look  better.  The  Father  of  Waters  again 

goes  unvexed  to  the  sea. 

This  was  written  in  a  letter  to  James  C.  Conkling,  to 

be  read  at  a  mass-meeting  in  Illinois.  The  second 

sentence  is  one  with  which  to  conjure  the  spirits  of 

eloquence. 

A  few  weeks  ago,  I  heard  one  of  the  Illini  tell  of  being 
at  Gettysburg  at  the  dedication  of  the  National  Ceme- 
tery there,  November  Nineteenth,  Eighteen  Hundred 
and  Sixty-three.  Edward  Everett  had  made  a  speech 
so  long,  so  eloquent,  so  polished,  so  scholarly,  so  full 
of  classic  allusion,  that  the  audience  was  supremely 
dull  and  tired  out.  They  wanted  to  go  home.  Those  who 
had  watches,  looked  anxiously  at  them. 
At  last  came  the  peroration,  the  conclusion  and  the 
closing  sentence.  It  was  the  finest  speech  possible, 
above  criticism,  though  nobody  could  remember  any- 
thing that  was  said. 

And  after  Edward  Everett  sat  down  amid  a  storm 
of  applause,  said  this  Illini,  the  great,  tall,  homely, 
sorrowful  Lincoln  arose.  His  speech  was  not  five 
minutes  long.  It  had  none  of  the  pageantry  of  metaphor 
or  simile,  hyperbole  or  finesse.  It  was  simple,  plain, 
direct  from  the  heart,  and  it  touched  the  hearts  of 
those  who  heard,  while  tears  of  sympathy  coursed 
down  their  cheeks.  The  people  were  too  deeply  moved 
to  applaud.  They  sat  quietly,  awed  into  silence. 
The  speech  has  been  handed  down  to  us  as  a  model 
of  composition. 

Here  it  is  as  the  orator,  great  in  his  honest  simplicity, 
gave  it  that  autumn  day,  many  years  ago: 

Fourscore  and  seven  years  ago  our  fathers  brought 
forth  on  this  continent  a  new  nation,  conceived  in 
liberty,  and  dedicated  to  the  proposition  that  all  men 
are  created  equal. 

Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war,  testing 
whether  that  nation,  or  any  nation  so  conceived  and 
so  dedicated,  can  long  endure.  We  are  met  on  a  great 
battle-field  of  that  war.  We  have  come  to  dedicate  a 
portion  of  that  field  as  a  final  resting-place  for  those 
who  here  gave  their  lives  that  that  nation  might  live. 
It  is  altogether  fitting  and  proper  that  we  should  do 
this. 

But,  in  a  larger  sense,  we  cannot  dedicate — we  cannot 
consecrate — we  cannot  hallow — this  ground.  The  brave 
men,  living  and  dead,  who  struggled  here,  have  conse- 
crated it  far  above  our  poor  power  to  add  or  detract. 
The  world  will  little  note  nor  long  remember  what  we 
say  here,  but  it  can  never  forget  what  they  did  here. 
It  is  for  us,  the  living,  rather,  to  be  dedicated  here  to 
the  unfinished  work  which  they  who  fought  here  have 
thus  far  so  nobly  advanced.  It  is  rather  for  us  to  be 


February 


THE  FRA 


XI 


here  dedicated  to  the  great  task  remaining  before  us 
— that  from  these  honored  dead  we  take  increased  de- 
votion to  that  cause  for  which  they  gave  the  last  full 
measure  of  devotion ;  that  we  here  highly  resolve  that 
.  these  dead  shall  not  have  died  in  vain ;  that  this  nation, 
under  God,  shall  have  a  new  birth  of  freedom;  and 
that  government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  for  the 
people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth. 

Lesson  XXXIX— Sunday,  February  28,  1909 
LINCOLN— THE  STATESMAN 

A  BRAHAM  LINCOLN  had  little  experience  in  Na- 
•••  tional  politics  when  he  became  President  of  the 
United  States.  He  had  served  one  term  in  Congress 
as  Representative  from  the  State  of  Illinois.  Several 
times  he  had  served  his  own  state  as  Representative 
and  had  been  a  National  Elector. 
It  is  claimed  by  many  that  the  people  have  never 
been  so  truly  represented  in  this  highest  office  as 
Lincoln  represented  them.  He  came  direct  from  the 
people  to  the  White  House.  He  knew  the  minds  and 
hearts  of  the  common  people,  whom,  he  said,  God 
must  love  well,  because  He  made  so  many  of  them. 
*l  He  came  to  his  own,  and  his  own  received  him, 
as  our  own  always  do. 

He  took  up  the  affairs  of  state  as  though  there  were 
no  precedents.  His  mind  was  in  statesmanship  as  in 
literature,  unvexed  by  arbitrary  rules  and  laws  made 
by  theorists   and   scholars.   He   counseled  well  with 
many,  but  he  obeyed  the  God  within. 
No  less  a  giant  in  moral  strength  could  have  stood 
the  stress  and  strain  when  he  issued  the  Emancipation 
Proclamation,  Sepember  the  Twenty-second,  Eighteen 
Hundred  and  Sixty-two. 
Two  years  after  he  said  of  this: 


As  affairs  have  turned,  it  is  the  central  act  of  my 
administration  and  the  great  event  of  the  Nineteenth 
Century. 

On  April  Ninth,  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Sixty-five, 
Lee  surrendered  at  Appomattox,  which  act  virtually 
ended  the  Civil  War.  It  was  an  occasion  of  solemn 
joy.  The  Ship  of  State  surely  needed  a  great  pilot  at 
this  time!  It  was  a  crucial  point  in  the  life  of  a  Nation 
and  Lincoln's  brain  was  full  of  plans  of  healing  and 
reconstruction.  No  one  else  knew  the  people  as  did 
Lincoln. 

His  mind  was  that  of  a  scientist — open  to  truth.  He 
had  no  prejudices,  no  vindictiveness :  only  kindness, 
sweetness  and  love  for  humanity.  His  oneness  of 
purpose  was  to  save  this  nation  from  itself  and  set 
it  on  a  foundation  where  it  could  be  a  government  of 
the  people,  for  the  people  and  by  the  people. 
But  his  wisdom  was  not  to  guide,  his  singleness  of 
purpose  was  not  to  control  affairs. 
Lincoln  was  fatally  shot  by  a  fanatic  on  the  evening 
of  April  Fourteenth,  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Sixty-five, 
while  he  was  in  Ford's  Theatre,  and  he  died  on  the 
morning  of  the  following  day. 

The  whole  nation  was  in  mourning.  The  bells  tolled 
in  every  church  of  the  North,  and  tears  of  anguish 
were  shed  by  sturdy  men,  for  there  had  passed  away 
one  on  whom  the  strongest  were  leaning. 
But  the  Ship  of  State  did  not  go  down,  nor  was  she 
wrecked.  There  is  a  divinity  that  shapes  the  end  of 
nations  as  well  as  of  men.  The  United  States  did  not 
cease  to  make  progress.  Others  arose  in  their  strength, 
and  all  is  well. 

But  Abraham  Lincoln  has  a  place  in  the  hearts  of 
every  American  citizen  and  we  love,  honor  and  rev- 
erence his  mind  open  to  truth,  his  loving  humanity, 
and  the  fact  that  he  wanted  nothing. 


Caxton 


Reliance" 


by  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson.  By 
common  consent  we  recognize 
Emerson  as  one  of  America's 
greatest  writers,  and  if  he  had 
never  written  any  thing  but 
"Compensation"  and  "Self-Reli- 
ance," he  would  still  rank  as  a 
leader.  "Let  a  man  know  his 
worth  and  keep  things  under  his 
feet." 


"fcufcaipat  of 
©mar  Hfjappam" 

the  Astronomer  Poet  of  Persia, 
as  translated  into  English  verse 
by  Edward  FitzGerald.  We  have 
made  a  careful  reprint  of  the 
first  edition  of  1859,  including 
the  introduction  and  notes. 


These  two  numbers  of  the  Caxton  Brochures  are  the  most  bookish 
that  we  have  yet  offered.  Beautifully  printed  on  colonial  paper, 
special  ornaments  and  initials  in  color,  and  are  a  product  of  the 
most  studious  care  in  design  and  workmanship.  We  will  mail  yon  a 
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THE    ROYCROFTERS 

EAST  AURORA,    NEW   YORK,  U.  S.  A 


XII 


THE  FRA 


February 


\am 


PRE-EMINEC 


Melody  and   Sympathy 

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SELLING  AGENTS  IN  ALL  CITIES 


XT  is  the  hour  of  man :  new  purposes, 
Broad-shouldered,  press  against  the 
world's  slow  gate; 
And  voices  from  the  vast  eternities 
Still  preach  the  soul's  austere  apostolate 

Always  there  will  be  vision  for  the  heart, 
The  press  of  endless  passion;  every  goal 

A  traveler's  tavern,  whence  he  must  depart 
On  new  divine  adven'ures  of  the  soul. 

— Edwin  Markham 


rHE  new 
church 
will  be  founded 
on  moral  science. 
Poets,  artists, 
musicians,  phi- 
losophers, will 
be  its  prophet 
teachers  Jt  The 
noblest  litera- 
ture of  the  world 
will  be  its  bible. 
Love  and  labor 
its  holy  sacra- 
ments— and  in- 
stead of  wor- 
shiping one 
savior,  we  will 
gladly  build  an 
altar  in  the  heart 
for  every  one 
who  has  suffered 
for  humanity. — 
Emerson. 
£ 

In  this  food 
question,  taste 
is  Nature's  test 
of  fitness,  both 
as  to  kind  and 
quality. 

«* 

You  can't  go  to 
heaven  on  a  pass 
now — the  Hep- 
burn Bill  pre- 
cludes. 

«* 

When  the  will 
defies  fear,  when 
the  heart  ap- 
plauds the  brain, 
when  duty 
throws  the  gauntlet  down  to  fate,  when  honor 
scorns  to  compromise  with  death — this  is 
heroism. — Ingersoll. 

Jt 

The  highest  wisdom  and  truth  is  like  the  purest 
ichor,  which  we  should  wish  to  receive  into  our 
very  selves.  . . .  Can  I,  an  unclean  vessel,  accept 
this  pure  ichor  and  judge  of  its  purity  ?  Only 
through  the  cleansing  of  my  inner  nature  can 
I,  to  a  certain  extent,  receive  this  baptismal 
consecration.  — Tolstoy. 


JESSE  FRENCH  P.  &  p.  CO. 

Austin.  Texas,  813  Congress  St.  Birmingham,  Ala., 
2018  Second  Ave.  Chattanooga.Tenn.,  826  Market 
St.  Dallas,  Texas,  280  Elm  St.  Fort  Worth,  Texas, 
109  W.  7th  St.  Montgomery,  Ala.,  108-12  Dexter 
Ave.  Nashville,  Tenn.,  240-42  Fifth  Ave.  St.  Louis, 
Mo., 1114  Olive  St.  San  Antonio, 
Texas,   West  Commerce  and 
St.  Mary's  Sts. 


February 


THE  FRA 


xiii 


kUR  sys- 
tem of 
taxation  puts  the 
heaviest  burden 
upon  the  home. 
Not  only  is  the 
direct  rate  levied 
on  the  home 
higher  than  on 
other  property, 
except  real 
estate  gener- 
ally, but  there 
is  a  further  dis- 
crimin  ation 
against  the  home 
as  compared 
with  other  real 
property  in  the 
matter  of  as- 
sessment ejt  The 
small  home  as  a 
rule  is  put  on 
the  tax  books  at 
its  full  value  or 
very  close  to  it, 
while  real  estate 
used  for  other 
purposes  falls 
short  of  that  in 
the  official  valu- 
ation. The  home 
owner  or  renter 
must  pay  more 
than  his  fair 
share  of  taxes. 
There  is  enough 
vacant  land 
about  the  city  to 
provide  home 
sites  for  the  de- 
cent housing  of 
the  whole  popu- 
lation, but  tax  laws  make  it  more  profitable 
to  hold  it  for  speculative  purposes  than  to  put 
it  to  its  proper  use.  These  same  laws  prevent 
workingmen  acquiring  homes  of  their  own 
and  discourage  others  from  building  decent 
homes  for  them  which  they  could  occupy  at 
reasonable  rental. 
•The  true  solution  of  the  housing  problem  is 


"  Music  dies  on  the  empty  air,  embalmed  only  in  sad  and  fleeting  memory,  but  litera- 
ture lives  on  forever."  Thus  wrote  Heinrich  Heine  in  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Fifty-three 

HE  voice  is  the  index  of  the  soul.  No  two 
voices  are  alike — individuality  reveals  itself 
in  voices.  The  cultivation  of  the  voice  re- 
acts on  character,  and  is  a  powerful  agent 
for  health  and  success.  We  are  won  or  re- 
pelled  by  voices.     '  My   sheep   know  my 
voice."  The  woman  who  has  a  well  modulated  and  vi- 
brant speaking  voice — who  neither  screeches  nor  purrs — is 
a  social  success,  no  matter  about  form  and  features.  It  is 
voice  that  counts,  not  words.  <J  Maurice  Maeterlinck  has 
recently  given  it  as  his  opinion  that  the  VICTOR  Talking 
Machine  is  the  greatest  aid  to  voice  culture  ever  devised, 
and   that  no  teacher  of  expression,   no  singer  and    no 
public  speaker  can   afford   to  be  without  a  VICTOR. 

THE    VICTOR 

supplies  us  voice  comparison  by  bringing  to  our  homes  the 
voices  that  sway  and  swing,  that  mold  and  move,  that 
implore  and  prove,  the  voices  that  seize  our  souls  and  hold 
and  convince  our  intellects,  e'en  'gainst  our  wills.  By  the 
use  of  the  Victor  we  can  study  these  voices  at  our  pleasure 
without  hindrance  or  embarrassment,  and  through  this 
study  we  can  improve  our  own  voices  and  learn  to  breathe 
properly,  to  sing  effectively,  and  to  speak  convincingly. 
Not  that  we  should  imitate  any  one's  voice — we  only  do  that  when 
we  hear  few  voices — but  we  can  always  emulate  and  enjoy,  and  thus 
grow  and  become.  QYoung  men  and  women — boys  and  girls — ye 
who  are  older  and  yet  are  learners,  will  find  hours  of  profit,  hours  of 
delight,  in  the  Victor.  A  book  brings  you  the  words — the  Victor,  the 
living,  pulsing  voice!  No  gentleman's  library  is  complete  without 
the  Victor  and  these  miraculous  records  of  the  greatest  Opera  Stars 
of  this  our  modern  day.  The  first  talking  machines  were  toys  and 
playthings — the  NEW  VICTOR  is  an  educational  necessity. 

You  owe  it  to  yourself  to  stop  in  and  hear  the  Victor,  the  very  next  time  you  pass  a 
Victor  store.  Write  us  for  catalogue,  showing  the  different  style  Victors — $10  to  $300. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co.,  Camden,  N.  J.,  U.S.A. 

Berliner  Gramophone  Company,  Montreal,  Canadian  Distributors 
To    get   best   results    use    only    Victor   Needles    on  '^Victor  Records 


not  to  be  found  in  either  philanthropy  or 
charity,  but  in  commonsense  taxation  that 
will  encourage  home-building  and  discourage 
the  holding  in  idleness  of  land  needed  by  the 
people  for  their  welfare,  comfort  and  happi- 
ness.— Alex.  P.  Moore. 

THE  SENSE  OF  SEPARATENESS  IS  HELL 


Do  not  live  in  the  sub-cellar  of  your  soul.  Schilling's  Best  Tea 
will  help  you  to  relax,  laugh,  breathe,  work  and  wisely  execute 


XIV 


THE  FRA 


February 


Table  of  Contents  for  the  Month  of  February,  mcmix 


T 

A 


H    E 

FOOT 


OPEN 

WITH 


R    O 

THE 


A    D 

FRA 


PAGE 

The  Federation  of  Labor  6.5 

University  of  Valparaiso  69 

Corporation  Investments  70 

An  East  Aurora  Farmer  70 
Portrait  (Frontispiece)  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  Gattpard 
Roycroft  Sunday  School  Lessons,  Alice  Hubbard 

Lincoln  Memories,  Elbert  Hubbard  71 

Abraham  Lincoln,  Robert  Q.  Ingersoll  75 

Lincoln  As  I  Knew  Him,  Gen.  Clark  E.  Carr  80 


LIGHT      ON      THE      PATH 

PAGE 

Robert  Owen  ii 

Robert  Owen,  Cardinal  Newman,  Walt  Whitman  iii 

Emerson,  Moses  iv 

Eliot,  Ruskin,  Aurelius,  Hubbard  v 

Maeterlinck,  Huneker,  Mansfield,  Parker,  Lincoln  ix 

Burbank,  West,  Beethoven  x 

Markham,  Emerson,  Ingersoll,  Tolstoy  xii 

Moore,  Hubbard  xiii 

White,  Hubbard,  Dickens  xvi 

Washington,  Ingersoll,  Hubbard,  Arnold  xvii 

Dreier,  Luther  xix 

Nietzsche,  Tait,  Carlyle  xx 

Maeterlinck,  Rhodes,  Buckle,  Cooper  xxii 

Goethe,  Ingersoll,  Mill,  Dickens,  Hubbard,  xxv 


D 


E 


E 


M 


N 


Front  Cover— Globe-Wernicke  Company 
i— Gillette  Razor 
ii— W.  Atlee  Burpee  &  Company 
iii— The  Werner  Company 
iv— Holeproof  Hosiery  Company 
v— Wagner  Park  Conservatories 

Sclii  II  hi  g's  Teas 
vi — August  Falker 

Henry  L.  Wilson 

McCallum  Hosiery  Company 

Dingee  &  Conard  Company 

Cadillac  Cabinet  Company 

Peerless  Moistener  Company 

Walsh  Window  Tent  Company 

T.  R.  Aim  end  Manufacturing  Company 
vii— The  Ideal  Company 

Gatchel  &  Manning 

Fra  Saxony 

Jewell  Manufacturing  Company 

The  Thread  &  Thrum  Workshop 

H.  O.  Wilbur  &  Sons 

Arthur  T.  Boddington 


yii — L.  E.  Swartz 
viii— Raino  Company 

Galbraith  Nurseries  &  Seed  Company 
The  National  Carriage  &  Reed  Company 
Swartwout  &  Appenzellar 
Joseph  P.  McHugh  &  Company 
Harry  Plohr 

Utica  Aluminum  &  Novelty  Works 
Stokes'  Seed  Company 
ix— Knox  Hats 
x— Winchester  Guns 
xi— Roycroft  Ads 
xii — Starr  Piano  Company 
xiii— Victor  Talking  Machine  Company 
xiv — Contents 

Inn 

xv— Aeolian  Company 
xvi— The  National  Phonograph  Company 
xvii — A.  B.  Dick  Company 

Bissell  Carpet  Sweeper  Company 
xviii — Dwinell- Wright  Company 

Edward  Thompson  Company 


Meadow  Lake  Orchard  Company 
Dresden  Publishing  Company 
Jay  Wellington  Hull 
The  Limit  of  Wealth 
School  of  Applied  Arts 
xix— S.  De  Witt  Clough 

C.  J.  Lundstrom  Manufacturing  Company 
xx—  Foothill  Orchard  Company 

A.  L.  Ide  &  Company 
xxi — Roycroft  Ads 
xxii— Stephen  F.  Whitman  &  Son 

John  W.  Merriam  &  Company 
xxiii— Tyrrell  Hygienic  Institute 

The  Language  Phone  Method 
James  Vick's  Sons 
xxiv — Roycroft  Ads 
xxv— Elbert  Hubbard  Lecture  Dates 
xxv; — Artistic  Printing 
xxvii— Babcock  Printing  Press  Mfg.  Co. 

Buffalo  Printing  Ink  Works 
xxviii — Oakland  Chemical  Company 

Inside  Back  Cover — Eugene  Christian 


(across*  Jf  ront  Qtfje  ?SHeU) 


3fn  tije  Hanb  of  immortality 


Health,  Wealth  and  Happiness 
—  the    Hope    of   the    Future 


Come  to  rtje  3nn  anfc  Jforget  3t 

TWO  DOLLARS  A  DAY  AND  UP 

THE    ROYCROFTERS 

EAST  AURORA,   ERIE  COUNTY,  N.  Y. 


THE  FRfl 

JOVRNHL  OF  HFFIRMHTIOM 


FEBRUARY 


No.  5 


People  who  say,  "There  's  no  use  talking/? 
usually  keep  right  on  doing  it  3&  $£  5&  s£ 


Single  Copies,  25  Cents;  by  the  Year,  Two  Dollars;  Foreign^  Three  Dollars 
Elbert  Hubbard,  Editor  and  Publisher,  East  Aurora,  New  York,  U.  S.  A. 

ENTERED  AT  POST-OFFICE,  EAST  AURORA,  N.  Y.,  AS  SECOND-CLASS  MATTER 
TRADE-MARK  REGISTERED 

^M^B^^i^MMHMllB—M^^i^M^MMM^* 

THE  OPEM  ROHb 

HFOOT  WITH  THE  FRH 

1 1  111 


?8||HE    Federation    of    Labor   has 
"  placed  The  Roycroft  Shop  on 
the  Unfair  List. 
Isn't  that  terrible! 
Y\    It  occurred  two  years  ago,  and 
\  I/    here  I  never  heard  of  it  until 
day  before  yesterday. 
Hie,  My  God!  or  words  to  that 
effect.  We   are  up  against  it ! 
Cf  When    this    bad    news    was 
brought  me  I  set  the  wheels 
in  motion  to  find  out  the  why- 
fore.  And  here  are  the  reasons: 
First,  The  Roycroft  Shop  is  teaching  trades  to 
an  unlimited  number  of  boys  and  girls. 
Second,  I  have  quoted  J.  K.  Turner  who  says, 
"Nothing  that  is  secret  can  succeed."  Also,  I 
am  a  personal  friend  of  C.  W.  Post,  D.  M. 
Parry,  J.  W.  Van  Cleave,  John  D.  Archbold 


and  James  J.  Hill,  and  have  spoken  well  of 
these  men  in  print. 

To  all  these  things  I  plead  guilty;  and  I  might 
also  add  that  I  am  a  personal  friend  of  Eugene 
Debs,  T.  V.  Powderly,  Clarence  Darrow  and 
Samuel  Gompers. 

The  way  I  found  out  that  I  was  on  the  Unfair 
List,  was  when  a  "Philistine"  advertiser  canceled 
his  contract,  explaining  that  a  certain  Union 
had  notified  him  that  our  publications  did  not 
bear  the  Union  Label,  that  we  were  officially 
"  Unfair, "  and  that  he  should  cease  advertising 
with  us  or  stand  the  consequences. 
Further  investigation  proved  the  facts  as  stated. 
<J  Let  it  here  be  said  that  The  Roycroft  Shop 
has  never  had  a  strike ;  that  the  wages  we  pay 
are  above  Union  scale;  that  the  conditions 
under  which  The  Roycrofters  work  are  better 
than  any  Union  ever  demanded  or  imagined. 


« 


Page  Sixty-six 


THE  FRA 


February 


Our  offense  is  simply  that  by  teaching  trades 
to  young  people  we  increase  the  supply  of 
skilled  laborers;  and  that  to  be  a  friend  of 
men  who  have  spoken  in  opposition  to  Union- 
ism, is  a  thing  to  invite  displeasure  «^t  This 
displeasure  then  finds  form  in  an  endeavor  to 
injure  our  business  by  posting  us  as  "  Unfair. " 
<I  The  hope,  of  course,  is  to  drive  us  out  of 
business,  or  else  force  us  to  adopt  the  "Label;" 
that  is,  force  us  to  employ  only  those  who  have 
a  Union  card.  This  means  turning  our  business 
over  to  the  Unions,  and  allowing  them  to  say 
whom  we  shall  teach  and  when  and  how. 
Did  tyranny  ever  go  farther? 
Did  any  "Trust"  ever  try  to  do  worse? 
The  Roycroft  Shop  has  been  placed  on  the 
"Unfair  List,"  not  because  we  are  unfair  to 
labor,  but  because  we  are  not  favorable  to  the 
Labor  Trust.  And  it  is  a  distortion  of  language 
to  say  we  have  been  unfair  to  the  Labor  Trust, 
simply  because  we  have  told  the  truth  about 
it.  Is  not  this  America,  the  home  of  free  speech? 
<I  So  let  this  fact  be  stated :  The  Federation 
of  Labor  does  not  stand  for  labor — it  only 
stands  for  such  a  portion  of  it  as  consents 
to  be  owned  and  dictated  to  by  itself.  For 
the  multitude  of  young  men  and  women  who 
wish  to  gain  an  education  through  the  skilled 
use  of  hands,  it  cares  nothing.  It  knows  nothing 
about  educating  the  brain  by  use  of  the  hand. 
The  "pay  envelope"  is  all  it  knows  or  cares 
about  Jt  jt 

Also  it  cares  nothing  for  production  or  the  net 
result  of  labor.  All  it  thinks  of  is  more  wages 
and  shorter  hours. 

The  despotism  of  Unionism,  if  it  could  have 
its  way,  would  reach  past  human  belief.  It 
seeks  to  paralyze  human  freedom  and  stop 
progress.  The  building  of  railroads  and  growth 
of  cities  is  nothing  to  it.  The  pursuit  of  another 
man's  happiness  is  its  chief  concern. 
It  intimidates  my  customer  until  he  cancels 
his  contract,  fearing  that  he,  too,  will  be  placed 
on  the  Unfair  List,  and  that  customers  will 
desert  him. 

It  seeks  to  chain  my  pen,  and  say  whom  I  shall 
speak  well  of,  and  whom  not. 
It  tries  to  name  my  friends,  and  if  it  could 
separate  me  from  those  I  respect  and  admire, 
it  would  make  their  names  anathema. 
It  steps  into  my  household  and  tells  me  how 
my  boy  shall  be  educated  and  how  not. 
It  examines  my  magazines  and  warns  me  to 
buy  only  of  those  advertisers  who  patronize 


magazines  bearing  the  "Label."  <JAnd  then 
when  I  protest,  it  says,  "  Oh,  we  do  not  want 
to  hurt  anybody — if  you  employ  only  Union 
labor  and  use  the  Label,  nothing  will  happen 
to  you." 

Is  n't  this  disunionism? 
Is  n't  it  exactly  the  attitude  of  Spain  during 
the  Inquisition?  Did  not  Spain  say  to  the  Jews, 
"Come  into  the  Catholic  Church,  be  one  with 
us,  and  no  harm  shall  befall  you!" 
The  man  with  the  big  stick,  who  flashes  a  dark 
lantern  in  your  face,  and  assures  you  that  if 
you  give  him  your  watch,  no  harm  shall  happen 
to  you,  is  not  a  robber.  Oh,  certainly  not ! 
Gompers  just  can't  see  the  other  side — it  is  a 
matter  of  human  limitation  and  so  we  will  have 
to  see  it  for  him.  He  would  stop  manual  training 
in  schools,  fearing  a  flood  of  carpenters  &  He 
would  stop  teaching  trades  in  all  prisons,  for 
fear  the  prisons  will  become  popular  and  honest 
men  be  left  without  jobs. 
The  endeavor  of  Unionism  is  to  make  the  job 
last,  not  to  get  it  done. 

It  assumes  that  the  supply  of  work  is  limited 
and,  if  there  are  too  many  apprentices,  the 
workingman  will  soon  be  on  half  time. 
Any  man  with  this  buzzing  bee  in  his  bonnet 
is  already  a  failure.  Superior  men  see  no  end 
to  work  and  all  great  men  make  work  for 
thousands.  Hill  and  Archbold  are  the  best 
friends  that  labor  ever  had.  They  set  armies 
to  work  and  build  cities  where  before  were 
only  prairie-dog  towns. 
Now  the  men  who  belong  to  Unions  are  not 
bad  men.  Gompers  is  not  a  bad  man.  He  gets 
five  thousand  dollars  a  year,  and  God  knows 
he  earns  it.  I  don't  want  his  job.  His  end  will 
be  the  hatred  of  the  people  he  seeks  to  serve, 
for  labor  is  always  ungrateful.  Gompers  is  a 
Jew,  and  above  all  men  the  Jews  ought  to 
know  the  sin  of  persecution  by  this  time.  But 
Gompers  is  a  man,  and  no  man  is  fit  to  be 
trusted  with  unlimited  power.  We  are  only  safe 
where  there  is  a  strong  opposition.  To  gain  his 
point  Gompers  would  outdo  his  old  friend,  the 
lamented  Torquemada,  who  chased  the  ances- 
tors of  Gompers  with  sword  and  fagot.  The  only 
word  of  cheer  Sam  has  for  me  is  this,  "  Run  a 
Union  Shop, and  I'll  guarantee  you  protection. " 
And  that  means  give  Gompers  the  key  to  my 
shop  and  let  him  appoint  a  superintendent. 
Men  are  men — that  is  the  trouble.  When  Debs 
indicts  "Capitalism,"  all  he  does  is  to  indict 
human  nature.  Men  clutch  for  personal  power, 


February 


THE  FRA 


Page  Sixty-seven 


and  forget  the  rights  of  other  men.  <IThe  safety 
of  this  country  demands  that  we  shall  resist 
coercion  and  intimidation  whether  offered  by 
a  Church  Trust  or  a  Labor  Trust.  Why  does  n't 
Gompers  start  a  factory  of  his  own?  Let  him 
run  a  closed  shop  If  he  wants — we  do  not  care. 
<!The  Unions  have  done  much  good  in  the  past 
— to  them  we  owe  factory  inspection,  child 
labor  laws  and  the  shorter  working-day.  But 
because  a  thing  is  good  in  small  doses  is  no 
proof  that  we  can  stand  an  unlimited  quantity 
of  it. 

A  United  States  Court  has  declared  that  posting 
a  man  as  "Unfair"  because  this  man  employs 
certain  men,  is  itself  unfair  and  must  not  be 
continued  fj*  For  this  offense  before  the  law, 
Gompers  may  go  to  jail,  and  he  declares  that 
he  is  willing  to  go  to  jail.  If  need  be,  Gompers 
will  be  taught  the  lesson — the  leisure  will  give 
him  a  chance  to  see  the  truth,  which  is  that 
the  boycott  is  un-American  and  must  be  bundled 
into  the  rag-bag  of  things  that  were. 
Lessee,  what  was  it  Patrick  Henry  said  about 
freedom? 

Both  the  word  "  boycott, "  and  the  thing  itself 
are  importations,  borrowed  from  a  people  who, 
says  my  old  college  chum,  Wu  Ting  Fang,  govern 
everybody  but  themselves,  and  have  influence 
everywhere,  save  in  their  own  country.  The 
boycott,  I  repeat,  is  un-American.  It  is  a  fight 
in  a  fog — a  secret,  treacherous,  sneaking  stab 
in  the  back — a  crawling  in  the  tall  uncut.  If 
we  are  going  to  fight  let  us  fight  in  the  open. 
Rightly  has  Judge  Gould  placed  an  injunction 
on  the  boycott.  Let  it  be  deported  to  the  land 
where  it  originated. 

It  cost  the  Gobeille  Pattern  Company  of  Cleve- 
land forty  thousand  dollars  to  get  its  name  off 
the  Unfair  List.  But  that  was  ten  years  ago. 
I  would  n't  give  forty  cents  to  have  my  name 
blotted  from  the  "Index  Expurgatus"  of  the 
Federation  of  Labor,  any  more  than  I  would 
give  Collier's  thirty  cents — Collier's  who  are 
doing  my  advertising  gratis — to  avoid  publicity 
in  their  columns. 

Commercial  excommunication  now  is  no  worse 
than  church  excommunication  jt  When  the 
Church  cuts  you  off,  you  can  go  to  God  direct. 
You  simply  eliminate  the  middleman.  When 
organized  labor  leaders  seek  to  starve  you  out, 
you  make  your  appeal  to  the  people, — and  wax 
fat.  Who  represents  the  folks  that  actually  work 
in  this  country,  anyway !  On  your  life,  it  is  not 
the  walking  delegate!  I 


When  Gompers  reaches  out  his  long  pole  from 
Washington,  New  York  or  Boston  and  endeavors 
to  lambaste  a  man  in  Battle  Creek,  Indianapolis 
or  St.  Louis,  he  only  wakes  the  party  up  and 
soon  has  a  fight  on  hand.  That  a  laborer  shall 
not  sell  his  labor  when  and  where  he  desires; 
that  an  employer  shall  employ  only  certain 
people;  that  my  boy  shall  not  be  educated; 
that  an  advertiser  shall  not  patronize  certain 
periodicals— all  this  is  shockingly  Russian  and 
overwhelmingly  Irish. 

We  long  ago  decided  not  to  be  ruled  by  a  person 
in  England,  or  a  man  in  Italy.  The  Anglo-Saxon 
is  a  transplanted  Teuton,  with  a  dash  of  the 
hardy  Norse  in  his  fibre  that  makes  slavery  for 
him  out  of  the  question.  In  every  land  upon 
which  he  has  placed  his  foot,  he  has  found 
either  a  throne  or  a  grave. 
When  those  Norsemen  with  their  yellow  hair 
flying  in  the  breeze  sailed  up  the  Seine,  the 
people  on  the  shore  called  to  them  in  amaze- 
ment and  asked,  "Where  are  you  from  and 
who  are  your  masters?" 
And  the  defiant  answer  rang  out  over  the 
waters,  "We  are  from  the  round  world,  and 
we  call  no  man  master!" 
To  these  men  we  trace  a  pedigree.  And  think 
you  we  are  to  trade  the  freedom  for  which  we 
have  fought  for  the  rule  of  a  Business  Agent 
graduated  from  a  cigar  factory? 
Excuse  this  smile — I  really  can't  help  it. 
When  that  punk  party  known  as  George  the 
Three  Times,  disregarded  the  warning  of  one, 
Edmund  Burke,  who  said,  "  Your  Majesty,  you 
must  not  forget  that  these  Colonists  are  Eng- 
lishmen— our  own  people,  and  they  cannot  be 
coerced, "  he  invited  his  fate. 
The  English  and  hired  Hessians  fought  Wash- 
ington five  to  one,  but  Washington  was  an 
Anglo-Saxon,  a  transplanted  Teutonic,  Norse 
American,  and  in  his  bright  lexicon  no  such 
word  as  "fail"  could  be  found. 
Imagine  Sam  Gompers  handing  an  ultimatum 
to  George  Washington,  and  you  get  a  spectacle 
no  more  ridiculous  than  that  of  the  Federation 
of  Labor  saying  to  the  people  of  America,  "  You 
shall  not  introduce  manual  training  into  your 
public  schools  for  fear  it  will  deprive  Michael 
Mulaney  of  a  job  as  plumber's  monkey!" 
Let  Gompers  rule  his  Hessians,  but  remember 
this,  their  children  will  be  Americans. 
Yet  a  labor  union  may  do  good.  I  never  ask 
a  man  I  hire  whether  he  belongs  to  a  Union 
any  more  than  I  would  ask  if  he  belongs  to  a 


Page  Sixty-eight 


THE  FRA 


February 


Church.  That  is  his  business.  I  most  certainly 
would  not  ask  him  to  renounce  his  Union  unless 
the  Union  were  trying  to  throttle  him.  Even  then 
it  is  his  affair  Jt,  But  certainly  we  will  not  be 
dictated  to  by  men  with  less  intelligence,  energy, 
initiative  and  ambition  than  we  ourselves 
possess  jt  jt 

<}  Nineteen  out  of  twenty  so-called  capitalists 
were  day  laborers — they  know  the  whole  game 
— and  they  are  laborers  yet.  And  any  working 
man  who  owns  a  home  is  a  capitalist. 
All  attempts  to  build  up  class  hatred  in  this 
country  must  fail.  We  stand  for  co-operation, 
reciprocity,  mutuality.  "  Once  a  laborer,  always 
a  laborer,"  is  not  our  shibboleth. 
Our  labor  union  friends  are  lifting  a  fine  cry 
about  the  injustice  of  injunctions.  But  what 
is  their  whole  intent  but  to  place  an  injunction 
of  fear  and  coercion  upon  the  employer,  so 
that  he  dare  not  turn  a  wheel  without  per- 
mission ! 

<|  Is  sending  Gompers  to  jail,  for  violating  a 
court  order,  any  more  tragic  than  for  Gompers 
to  send  me  to  the  poorhouse  for  disregarding 
his  orders? 

In  God's  name,  where  is  the  difference? 
We  have  agreed  as  a  people  to  obey  the  courts 
— that  is  civilization— and  we  should  obey  them 
right  or  wrong.  We  have  all  been  stung  at  times 
by  the  courts  and  we  take  our  medicine,  knowing 
that  in  the  long  run  the  courts  are  right.  But  we 
have  never  agreed  to  abide  by  the  edicts  of  the 
secret  conclave  of  Amalgamated  Moulders,  and 
I  hardly  think  we  will. 

There  are  inequalities  in  this  country  that  must 
be  worked  out ;  there  are  injustices  that  must  be 
righted ;  but  the  boycott,  the  club,  the  fagot,  the 
bomb  and  the  secret  conclave — the  air-brakes 
on  prosperity's  wheels — can  never  right  them. 
We  must  bring  patience,  good  nature  and  reason 
to  bear.  To  solve  the  problems  we  must  discuss, 
agitate,  write,  talk  and  educate — and  yet  again 
educate.  Some  day  then,  the  fog  will  lift,  and 
the  sun  will  shine  out. 
In  fact  it  is  beginning  to  shine  out  now. 

J» 

The  history  of  all  dogmatic  and  "revealed" 
religions  is,  in  truth,  but  a  history  of  man's 
endeavors  to  discover  or  invent  some  plan  or 
scheme  or  method  whereby  he  may  shirk  his 
personal  responsibility,  or  shift  it  to  other 
shoulders  than  his  own,  or  in  some  manner 
escape  the  natural  consequences  of  its  con- 
scious and  intentional  evasion  or  violation. 


NCE  upon  a  day,  in  a  moment 
of  aberration,  I  said  that  no 
great  college  in  America,  save 
Tuskegee,  barred  booze  and  put 
the  ban  on  tobacco. 
This  was  a  mistake.  I  forgot  the 
University  of  Valparaiso  «^t  And 
yet  I  wot  not,  there  are  very 
many  educated  men,  eke  women 
withal,  who  never  heard  of  Val- 
paraiso, Indiana. 
And  yet  Valparaiso  has  the  second 
largest  University  in  America. 
It  has  an  enrollment  of  four  thousand 
students  ,.*  ,.* 

There  are  beautiful  and  beneficent  things 
being  done  at  Valparaiso,  quietly,  surely, 
without  blare  of  brass  or  spatter  of  printer's 
ink,  that  have  never  been  done  before  in  the 
history  of  pedagogy. 

It  is  a  school  that  avoids  advertising,  because 
its  limits  are  already  taxed  to  care  for  the 
young  men  and  women  who  knock  at  its 
gates  jt  jt, 

Now  here  is  the  absolutely  unique  thing  about 
Valparaiso:  it  has  not  a  dollar,  and  never  had 
a  dollar,  of  endowment. 
It  was  founded  thirty-five  years  ago  by  two 
young  men,  country  school  teachers,  without 
capital,  except  for  a  few  hundred  dollars  saved 
from  their  salaries. 

It  is  free  from  debt  and  owns  a  property  worth 
over  a  million  dollars. 

The  men  who  have  done  this  wonderful  work 
are  H.  B.  Brown  and  0.  P.  Kinsey,  men  still 
far  from  old ;  active,  alert — dynamos  of  divine 
energy  &  Jt 

Talk  about  government  ownership— our  social- 
istic friends  are  wrong ;  there  never  was,  or  can 
be,  a  management  equal  to  that  of  the  indi- 
vidual— provided,  of  course,  that  it  is  the  right 
individual. 

Here  is  a  University  that  receives  no  aid  from 
the  state,  yet  it  eclipses  any  state  university  in 
the  world  in  several  particulars. 
State  assistance  to  an  educational  institution 
is  well,  but  with  it  usually  goes  the  fussing  of 
busybodies  and  much  political  interference  ,* 
The  President's  office  in  a  state  school  is  a 
perquisite,  and  so  are  the  positions  of  teachers 
and  professors.  It  is  ruled  by  a  directorate, 
which  in  turn  is  dictated  to  by  the  legislature. 
Once  a  year  or  more,  the  President  has  to  go 
on  his  knees  and  osculate  the  big  toes  of  the 


February 


THE  FRA 


Page  Sixty-nine 


bigwigs  at  the  Capitol.  He  has  to  be  a  lobbyist, 
a  diplomat,  a  politician  and  give  in  his  report 
to  greengrocers,  who  read  it  with  lack-lustre 
eyes  and  criticize  him  for  not  dotting  his  I's, 
and  making  his  P's  bolder. 
Thus  the  time  and  energy  that  should  be  given 
to  legitimate  management  goes  off  in  exhaust. 
<§  Do  you  remember  that  great  and  good  man, 
Beardshear  of  Ames,  Iowa?  Beardshear  was  a 
great  teacher,  and  a  great  administrator.  But 
his  life  was  lost  in  battling  with  buckwheat 
legislators,  and  mousing  investigating  com- 
mittees who  searched  for  rat-holes  and  thought 
them  worth  looking  into. 
A  big  man  should  be  free.  But  a  man  hired 
by  the  state  has  only  an  indefinite  reprieve 
before  his  head  goes  into  the  basket.  And  the 
greater  his  aspiration,  the  longer  his  mental 
reach,  the  more  his  plans  outstrip  the  mediocre — 
the  more  does  he  leave  popular  sympathy  behind 
and  the  greater  becomes  his  danger.  Golgotha 
and  genius  are  always  close  together. 
Marxian  Socialism  means  the  rule  of  the  dema- 
gogue and  the  apotheosis  of  the  weak. 
Valparaiso  demonstrates  what  two  men  in 
absolute  accord  can  do  when  left  alone  jfc 
The  state  has  not  helped  them,  and  on  the 
other  side  the  pudgy  paw  of  the  politician 
has  not  mixed  in  their  affairs. 
It  is  a  school  of  Spartans.  The  whole  place 
has  an  air  of  earnestness  that  is  most  im- 
pressive. Purpose  and  determination  are  in 
the  air.  Seeing  two  thousand  young  men 
assembled,  I  looked  into  their  faces,  and 
thought  that  if  marshalled  as  an  army,  they 
would  have  rivaled  Caesar's  invincible  Tenth 
Legion.  The  sissy-boy  and  the  mollycoddle 
were  not  in  evidence. 

Maecenas  has  not  endowed  Valparaiso,  and  so 
Maecenas  has  never  butted  in  and  muddled  the 
Valparaiso  policy.  It  has  been  free. 
And  being  free,  it  has  set  a  pace  which  otherwise 
it  never  could  have  attained. 
Brown  and  Kinsey  have  never  drawn  money 
from  their  business  beyond  enough  for  a  bare 
living.  They  work  for  board  and  clothes.  All 
the  money  has  gone  into  improvements. 
Commodore  Vanderbilt  once  said,  "  A  man  who 
can't  get  along  without  money,  can't  with." 
The  best  lesson  taught  at  Valparaiso  is  that 
of  economy  of  time  and  money. 
The  next  is  that  of  physical  well-being.  The 
endeavor  is  to  bring  out  qualities,  rather  than 
to  impart  information. 


Harvard  has  an  endowment  of  twenty-two 
million  dollars,  yet  she  is  always  calling  for 
help.  Harvard  charges  one  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  a  year  for  thirty-six  weeks  tuition,  and 
table  board  at  Memorial  Hall  averages  five 
dollars  a  week.  The  cheapest  room  in  any  of 
the  college  dormitories  is  three  dollars  a  week 
more  Jt  jt 

Now  look  at  this:  Valparaiso's  charge  for 
tuition  of  a  year  of  forty-eight  weeks  is 
fifty  dollars.  Table-board  costs  one  dollar 
and  eighty  cents  a  week.  Rooms  are  from 
forty  cents  to  one  dollar  a  week. 
You  can  go  to  Valparaiso  and  get  your  tuition, 
board  and  room  for  forty  cents  a  day.  A  five- 
cent  breakfast  consists  of  a  baked  apple,  rolled 
oats,  potatoes,  tea,  coffee  or  milk,  and  bread 
and  butter — and  each  table  decorated  with 
fresh  flowers! 

A   ten-cent   dinner    consists   of    roast    beef, 
potatoes,   corn,   tomatoes,  bread   and  butter, 
and  tea,  coffee  or  milk,  with  dessert  of  apple 
dumpling  ^  jt 
How  is  this  possible? 

Why,  a  business  man  is  at  the  head  of  it.  And 
above  all  there  is  co-operation — co-operation 
under  wise,  cheerful,  and  able  leadership. 
The  student  body  is  as  fine  a  healthy,  happy 
and  brawny  lot  of  young  folks  as  you  ever 
saw  in  your  life. 

The  genus  grafter  has  never  been  allowed  to 
light  at  Valparaiso.  The  students  take  care  of 
their  own  rooms,  the  janitorship,  the  lawns, 
gardens,  farms,  flowers,  livestock,  all  under 
appointed  inspectors,  who  themselves  are  se- 
lected from  the  student  body. 
Among  the  instructors  are  graduates  of  Yale, 
Dartmouth,  Harvard,  Princeton,  Cornell,  De- 
pree  and  Heidelberg. 

One  thing  I  never  saw  done  before,  excepting 
in  a  very  small  way,  and  that  is  the  use  of 
senior  students  as  teachers.  Normal  Schools, 
with  their  "Model  School"  features  use  stu- 
dents as  teachers,  but  the  pupils  are  children. 
Here  students  teach  men,  on  the  principle  that 
by  teaching  others,  we  teach  ourselves.  The 
teacher  is  always  the  one  who  gets  most  out 
of  the  lessons — and  Valparaiso  knows  it.  So 
beside  being  good  economics,  it  is  very  wise 
pedagogy.  Arnold  of  Rugby  knew  its  value 
when  he  utilized  the  Sixth  Form,  and  turned 
bullies  into  gentlemen  by  giving  them  respon- 
sibility. Kinsey  is  a  Pericles  for  setting  folks 
to  work. 


Page  Seventy 


THE  FRA 


February 


What  do  they  teach  at  Valparaiso?  Everything, 
say,  which  is  taught  at  Yale,  and  a  few  things 
beside:  dentistry,  pharmacy,  civics,  medicine, 
law,  the  classics,  economics,  sociology,  history, 
business,  mathematics,  civil  engineering,  min- 
ing and  domestic  science.  Above  all  they  teach 
life  as  a  great  whole — the  science  of  human 
betterment,  the  theorem  of  helping  yourself  by 
helping  others.  The  students  are  taught  over 
and  over  that  the  human  body  is  the  temple 
of  the  Most  High,  and  to  live  a  useful  and 
effective  life  we  must  have  good  bodies. 
The  inflexible  rule  at  Valparaiso  is  to  graduate 
no  student  who  cannot  at  once  earn  his  living. 
All  through  the  West,  especially  in  Chicago, 
there  is  a  big  demand  for  Valparaiso  students 
in  business  concerns,  and  there  are  always 
more  positions  open  than  can  be  filled. 
If  you  want  your  boy  to  have  an  education 
de  luxe,  for  social  bric-a-brac  and  decoration, 
do  not  send  him  to  Valparaiso.  But  if  you  want 
him  to  be  self-reliant,  strong  in  body,  direct  in 
speech,  economical,  industrious,  clean  in  habits, 
free  from  both  cigarettes  and  pasteboard- 
two  things  heartily  detested  at  Valparaiso — why, 
I  do  not  know  of  a  better  place  than  this  Hoosier 
University,  where  Service,  Health,  Co-operation 
and  Reciprocity  are  spelled  with  capitals. 

«* 

We  do  not  fight  for  truth — we  fight  for  elec- 
trotypes, old  books,  old  clothes,  old  sermons, 
old  creeds,  old  barrels  ,j*  Persecutions  and 
martyrdoms  are  usually  struggles  for  inertia. 

j* 

N  making  investments  in  Com- 
panies or  Corporations  formed 
to  launch  new  inventions,  do 

not  be  influenced  by  the  fact 

J 

.  that  the  invention  is  useful  and 
\1  I  much  needed.  This  is  a  sec- 
ondary consideration. 
For  while  it  is  true  that  only 
a  useful  invention  or  appliance 
can  at  last  succeed,  yet  the 
further  fact  remains  that  be- 
cause it  is  good  is  no  sign  it 
will  go.  It  will  not  necessarily 
succeed  any  more  than  moral  virtue  and 
spiritual  beauty  will  increase  in  popularity 
next  year  at  Atlantic  City. 
Good  things  go  only  when  captained  by  big 
men.  It  is  a  question  of  generalship  or  sales- 
manship Sheldon  would  say,  and  Sheldon  is 
right.  It  is  a  matter  of  marketing  your  wares. 


The  superior  man  is  not  the  one  who  thinks 
great  thoughts,  but  he  who  expresses  them  so 
as  to  give  humanity  a  "vibe."  Success  is 
voltage  under  control. 

So  to  the  argument:  Excellent  inventions,  and 
mines  with  pay-gravel  are  nil  and  nit  and  mox 
nix  ouse,  until  a  man  with  phosphorescent  oxa- 
line  in  his  ego  takes  the  management  and 
transforms  chaos  into  cosmos. 
We  all  see  big  pictures  in  our  cosmic  mirror, 
when  drunk  on  art,  love,  dope  or  religion, 
but  the  fellow  who  puts  his  picture  on  the 
canvas  and  sells  it  to  Pierpont  Morgan, — he 
is  the  only  one  who  is  really  It. 
So  when  you  tell  me  of  your  wonderful  inven- 
tion and  want  to  sell  me  stock  in  your  company, 
just  bring  me  a  snap-shot  of  the  man  who  is 
going  to  manage  your  concern,  as  well  as  a 
list  of  what  he  eats  and  drinks,  the  hours  he 
sleeps,  and  how  he  exercises  both  his  body  and 
sky-piece  jt  jt 
Then  I  '11  talk  with  you  about  taking  stock. 

j» 

Civilization  should  be   ball-bearing,   rubber- 
tired,  and  run  in  oil,  like  an  Ideal  Engine- 
safe,  effective  and  noiseless.  A  clutching  and 
grasping  theology  too  long  has  been  the  sand 
in  the  bearings. 

jft 

IN  East  Aurora  lives  a  fanner 
who  comes  so  near  to  being 
the  meanest  man  in  the  world, 
that  he  would  at  least  give 
the  champion  a  run  for  his 
hard-earned. 

This  farmer  owns  the  pasture 
where  the  ol'  swimmin'  hole 
has  been  for  fifty  years.  But 
last  summer  this  ornery  agra- 
rian took  it  into  his  idle  nut 
that  it  was  not  decent  for  boys 
to  jump  into  the  water  with  no 
clothes  on.  So  he  put  up  a  sign  to  the  effect 
that  lingerie  was  required,  otherwise  there 
would  be  nothing  doing  in  the  swimming  line. 
The  boys,  however,  still  continued  to  jump 
off  the  spring-board  and  "chaw  beef"  and  take 
photographs  in  Adam's  pajamas,  all  as  duly 
established  by  boy  precedent  and  Tom  Sawyer 
in  sections  truly  rural. 
So  the  farmer  went  to  town  and  got  about 
five  bushels  of  old  bottles,  which  he  proceeded 
to  break  up  around  the  boys'  Baden-Baden. 
He  strewed  the  bank  with  broken  glass  and 


February 


THE  FRA 


Page  Seventy-one 


threw  it  in  the  stream  for  a  hundred  yards 
up  and  down. 

As  a  sequel,  the  boys  got  a  peck  of  mustard 
seed  and  scattered  it  over  the  farmer's  plow- 
land  for  luck.  Then  one  evening  when  the 
honest  tiller  of  the  soil  left  his  horses  under 
the  Presbyterian  Church  shed  while  he  was 
attending  the  revival,  some  parties  unknown 
took  the  burrs  off  his  buggy  wheels. 


He  wanted  me  to  write  the  matter  up  for  the 
papers,  and  now  that  I  have  done  so,  he  will 
proceed  to  do  so,  as  the  Dutchman  said  when 
introducing  the  learned  lecturer. 

jfc 

The  boy  who  would  go  for  three  months  each 
to  Harvard,  Yale,  Princeton  and  Cornell  would 
stand  a  better  chance  of  winning  out  than  he 
who  goes  four  years  to  any  one. 


I        '       I    • 


I-LINCOLN    MEMORIES  I- 

-I        BY  ELBERT  HUBBARD 

If/S! 


HERE  was  war  in  the  land  Jt 
When  it  began  I  did  not  know, 
but  that  it  was  something  ter- 
rible I  could  guess.  Many  men 
had  gone  away;  and  every  day 
men  in  blue  straggled  by,  all 
going  south,  forever  south  Jt, 
And  all  the  men  straggling  along 
that  road  stopped  to  get  a  drink 
at  our  well,  drawing  the  water 
with  the  sweep  and  drinking  out 
of  the  bucket,  and  squirting  a 
mouthful  of  water  over  each 
other  jt  They  looked  at  my 
father's  creaking  doctor's  sign, 
and  sang,  "Old  Mother  Hubbard,  she  went  to 
the  cupboard." 

They  all  sang  that.  They  were  very  jolly,  just 
as  though  they  were  going  to  a  picnic.  Some 
of  them  came  back  that  way  a  few  years  later 
and  they  were  not  so  jolly.  And  some  there  were 
who  never  came  back  at  all. 
Freight  trains  passed  southward,  blue  with  men 
in  the  cars  and  on  top  of  the  cars,  and  on  the 
cowcatcher,  and  in  the  caboose,  always  going 
south  and  never  north.  For  "Down  South" 
were  many  Rebels,  and  all  along  the  way  south 
were  Copperheads,  and  they  all  wanted  to  come 
north  and  kill  us,  so  soldiers  had  to  go  down 
there  and  fight  them. 

And  I  marveled  much  that  if  God  hated  Copper- 
heads, as  our  preacher  said  He  did,  why  He 
did  n't  send  lightning  and  kill  them  just  in  a 
second,  as  He  had  Si  Johnson.  And  then  all 
that  would  have  to  be  done  would  be  to  send 
for  a  doctor  to  see  that  they  were  surely  dead, 
and  a  preacher  to  pray,  and  the  neighbors  would 
dress  them  in  their  best  Sunday  suits  of  black, 
folding  their  hands  very  carefully  across  their 


breasts,  then  we  would  bury  them  deep,  filling 
in  the  dirt  and  heaping  it  up,  patting  it  all  down 
very  carefully  with  the  back  of  a  spade,  and 
then  go  away  and  leave  them  until  Judgment- 
Day  &  jfc 

It  was  Abe  Lincoln  of  Springfield  who  was 
fighting  the  Rebels  that  were  trying  to  wreck 
the  country  and  spread  red  ruin.  Society  was 
divided  into  two  classes:  those  who  favored 
Abe  Lincoln,  and  those  who  told  lies  about 
him.  All  the  people  I  knew  and  loved,  loved 
Abe  Lincoln. 

I  was  born  at  Bloomington,  Illinois,  through 
no  choosing  of  my  own,  and  Bloomington  is 
further  famous  for  being  the  birthplace  of  the 
Republican  party.  When  a  year  old  I  persuaded 
my  parents  to  move  seven  miles  north  to  the 
village  of  Hudson,  that  then  had  five  houses, 
a  church,  a  store,  and  a  blacksmith  shop.  Many 
of  the  people  I  knew,  knew  Lincoln,  for  he  used 
to  come  to  Bloomington  several  times  a  year 
"on  the  circuit"  to  try  cases,  and  at  various 
times  made  speeches  there.  When  he  came  he 
would  tell  stories  at  the  Ashley  House,  and 
when  he  was  gone  these  stories  would  be  re- 
peated by  everybody.  Some  of  these  stories 
must  have  been  peculiar,  for  I  once  heard  my 
mother  caution  my  father  not  to  tell  any  more 
"Lincoln  stories"  at  the  dinner-table  when  we 
had  company. 

And  once  Lincoln  gave  a  lecture  at  the  Presby- 
terian church  on  the  "  Progress  of  Man, "  when 
no  one  was  there  but  the  preacher,  my  Aunt 
Hannah  and  the  sexton. 
My  Uncle  Elihu  and  Aunt  Hannah  knew  Abe 
Lincoln  well  Jk  So  did  Jesse  Fell,  James  C. 
Conklin,  Judge  Davis,  General  Orme,  Sam 
Allerton,  Leonard  Swett,  Dick  Yates  and  lots 
of  others  I  knew.  They  never  called  him  "  Mister 


Page  Seventy-two 


THE  FRA 


February 


Lincoln, "  but  It  was  always  Abe,  or  Old  Abe,  or 
just  plain  Abe  Lincoln.  In  that  newly  settled 
country  you  always  called  folks  by  their  first 
names,  especially  when  you  liked  them.  And 
when  they  spoke  the  name,  "Abe  Lincoln," 
there  was  something  in  the  voice  that  told  of 
confidence,  respect  and  affection. 
Once  when  I  was  at  my  Aunt  Hannah's,  Judge 
Davis  was  there  and  I  sat  on  his  lap.  The  only 
thing  about  the  interview  I  remember  was  that 
he  really  did  n't  have  any  lap  to  speak  of. 
After  Judge  Davis  had  gone  Aunt  Hannah 
said:  "You  must  always  remember  Judge 
Davis,  for  he  is  the  man  who  made  Abe 
Lincoln!" 

And  when  I  said,  "  Why,  I  thought  God  made 
Lincoln,"  they  all  laughed. 
After  a  little  pause  my  inquiring  mind  caused 
me  to  ask,  "Who  made  Judge  Davis?"  And 
Uncle  Elihu  answered,  "Abe  Lincoln." 
Then  they  all  laughed  more  than  ever. 

OLUNTEERS  were  being  called  for  Jt, 
Neighbors  and  neighbors'  boys  were 
enlisting — going  to  the  support  of  Abe  Lincoln. 
<I  Then  one  day  my  father  went  away,  too. 
Many  of  the  neighbors  went  with  us  to  the 
station,  when  he  took  the  four-o'clock  train, 
and  we  all  cried,  except  Mother — she  didn't 
cry  until  she  got  home.  My  father  had  gone 
to  Springfield  to  enlist  as  a  surgeon.  In  three 
days  he  came  back  and  told  us  he  had  enlisted, 
and  was  to  be  assigned  his  regiment  in  a  week, 
and  go  at  once  to  the  front.  He  was  always  a 
kind  man,  but  during  that  week  when  he  was 
waiting  to  be  told  where  to  go  he  was  very 
gentle  and  more  kind  than  ever.  He  told  me 
I  must  be  the  man  of  the  house  while  he  was 
away,  and  take  care  of  my  mother  and  sisters, 
and  not  forget  to  feed  the  chickens  every 
morning;  and  I  promised. 
At  the  end  of  the  week  a  big  envelope  came  from 
Springfield  marked  in  the  corner,  "Official." 
<J  My  mother  would  not  open  it,  and  so  it  lay 
on  the  table  until  the  doctor's  return.  We  all 
looked  at  it  curiously,  and  my  eldest  sister 
gazed  on  it  long  with  lack-luster  eye  and  then 
rushed  from  the  room  with  her  check  apron 
over  her  head. 

When  my  father  rode  up  on  horseback  I  ran 
to  tell  him  that  the  envelope  had  come. 
We  all  stood  breathless  and  watched  him  break 
the  seals. 

He  took  out  the  letter  and  read  it  silently  and 
passed  it  to  my  mother. 
I  have  the  letter  before  me  now,  and  it  says: 
"The  Department  is  still  of  the  opinion  that 
it  does  not  care  to  accept  men  having  varicose 
veins,  which  make  the  wearing  of  bandages 
necessary.  Your  name,  however,  has  been  filed 
and  should  we  be  able  to  use  your  services, 
will  advise." 
Then  we  were  all  very  glad  about  the  varicose 


veins,  and  I  am  afraid  I  went  out  and  boasted 
to  my  playfellows  about  our  family  possessions. 
<I  It  was  not  so  very  long  after  that  there  was 
a  Big  Meeting  in  the  "timber."  People  came 
from  all  over  the  county  to  attend  it.  The  chief 
speaker  was  a  man  by  the  name  of  Ingersoll,  a 
colonel  in  the  army,  who  was  back  home  for 
just  a  day  or  two  on  furlough.  People  said  he 
was  the  greatest  orator  in  Peoria  County. 
Early  in  the  morning  the  wagons  began  to  go 
by  our  house,  and  all  along  the  four  roads  that 
led  to  the  grove  we  could  see  great  clouds  of 
dust  that  stretched  away  for  miles  and  miles 
and  told  that  the  people  were  gathering  by  the 
thousand.  They  came  in  wagons  and  on  horse- 
back, on  foot  and  with  ox-teams  £>  Women 
rode  on  horseback  carrying  babies;  and  there 
were  various  four-horse  teams  with  wagons 
filled  with  girls  all  dressed  in  white,  carrying 
flags  j*  «jt 

All  of  our  folks  went.  My  mother  fastened  the 
back  door  of  our  house  with  a  bolt  on  the  inside, 
and  then  locked  the  front  door  with  a  key,  and 
hid  the  key  under  the  door-mat. 
At  the  grove  there  was  much  hand-shaking 
and  visiting  and  asking  after  the  folks  and  for 
the  news.  Several  soldiers  were  present;  among 
them  a  man  who  lived  near  us,  called  "Little 
Ramsey."  Three  one-armed  men  were  there, 
and  a  man  named  Al  Sweetser,  who  had  only 
one  leg.  These  men  wore  blue,  and  were  seated 
on  the  big  platform  that  was  all  draped  with 
flags.  Plank  seats  were  arranged,  and  every 
plank  held  its  quota.  Just  outside  the  seats 
hundreds  of  men  stood,  and  beyond  these  were 
wagons  filled  with  people.  Every  tree  in  the 
woods  seemed  to  have  a  horse  tied  to  it,  and 
the  trees  over  the  speakers'  platform  were  black 
with  men  and  boys.  I  never  knew  before  that 
there  were  so  many  horses  and  people  hi  the 
world  «jt  «jt 

When  the  speaking  began  the  people  cheered, 
and  then  they  became  very  quiet,  and  only  the 
occasional  squealing  and  stamping  of  the  horses 
could  be  heard.  Our  preacher  spoke  first,  and 
then  the  lawyer  from  Bloomington,  and  then 
came  the  great  man  from  Peoria.  The  people 
cheered  more  than  ever  when  he  stood  up,  and 
kept  hurrahing  so  long  I  thought  they  were  not 
going  to  let  him  speak  at  all. 
At  last  they  quieted  down,  and  the  speaker 
began.  His  first  sentence  contained  a  reference 
to  Abe  Lincoln.  The  people  applauded,  and  some 
proposed  three  cheers  for  "Honest  Old  Abe." 
Everybody  stood  up  and  cheered,  and  I,  perched 
on  my  father's  shoulder,  cheered  too.  I  had  on 
my  shirt  made  from  a  flour  sack,  with  the 
words  "Extra  XXX"  across  the  bosom,  and 
beneath  the  legend,  "Pillsbury's  Best— War- 
ranted Fifty  Pounds,"  my  heart  beat  proudly. 
<I  Silence  came  at  last — a  silence  filled  only  by 
the  neighing  and  stamping  of  horses  and  the 
rapping  of  a  woodpecker  in  a  tall  tree.  Every 


February 


THE  FRA 


Page  Seventy-three 


ear  was  strained  to  catch  the  orator's  first 
words  «3&  jt 

The  speaker  was  just  about  to  begin.  He  raised 
one  hand,  but  ere  his  lips  moved,  a  hoarse, 
guttural  shout  echoed  through  the  woods: 
"Hurrah'h'h  for  Jeff  Davis!  !  I" 
"  Kill  that  man ! "  rang  a  sharp,  clear  voice  in 
instant  answer. 

A  rumble  like  an  awful  groan  came  from  the 
vast  crowd. 

My  father  was  standing  on  a  seat,  and  I  had 
climbed  to  his  shoulder.  The  crowd  surged  like 
a  monster  animal  toward  a  tall  man  standing 
alone  in  a  wagon.  He  swung  a  black-snake  whip 
around  him,  and  the  lash  fell  savagely  on  two 
gray  horses.  At  a  lunge,  the  horses,  the  wagon 
and  the  tall  man  had  cleared  the  crowd,  knock- 
ing down  several  people  in  their  flight.  One  man 
clung  to  the  tail-board.  The  whip  wound  with  a 
hiss  and  a  crack  across  his  face,  and  he  fell 
stunned  in  the  roadway. 
A  clear  space  of  fully  three  hundred  feet  now 
separated  the  man  in  the  wagon  from  the  great 
throng,  that  with  ten  thousand  hands  seemed 
ready  to  tear  him  limb  from  limb.  Revolver 
shots  rang  out,  women  screamed  and  trampled 
children  cried  for  help.  Above  it  all  was  the  roar 
of  the  mob.  The  orator,  in  vain  pantomime, 
implored  order. 

I  saw  Little  Ramsey  drop  off  the  limb  of  a  tree 
astride  of  a  horse  that  was  tied  beneath,  then 
lean  over,  and  with  one  stroke  of  a  knife  sever 
the  halter. 

At  the  same  time  fifty  other  men  seemed  to  have 
done  the  same  thing,  for  flying  horses  shot  out 
from  different  parts  of  the  woods,  all  on  the 
instant.  The  man  in  the  wagon  was  half  a  mile 
away  now,  still  standing  erect.  The  gray  horses 
were  running  low,  with  noses  and  tails  out- 
stretched Jt  Jk 

The  spread-out  riders  closed  in  a  mass  and 
followed  at  terrific  speed.  The  crowd  behind 
seemed  to  grow  silent.  We  heard  the  patter- 
patter  of  barefoot  horses  ascending  the  long, 
low  hill.  One  rider  on  a  sorrel  horse  fell  behind. 
He  drew  his  horse  to  one  side,  and  sitting  over 
with  one  foot  on  the  long  stirrup,  plied  the 
sorrel  across  the  flank  with  a  big,  white  felt 
hat.  The  horse  responded,  and  crept  around 
to  the  front  of  the  flying  mass. 
The  wagon  had  disappeared  over  a  gentle  rise 
of  ground,  and  then  we  lost  the  horsemen,  too. 
Still  we  watched,  and  two  miles  across  the 
prairie  we  got  a  glimpse  of  running  horses 
in  a  cloud  of  dust,  and  into  another  valley 
they  settled,  and  then  we  lost  them  for  good. 
fl  The  speaking  began  again  and  went  on  amid 
applause  and  tears,  with  laughter  set  between. 
<f  I  do  not  remember  what  was  said,  but,  after 
the  speaking,  as  we  made  our  way  homeward, 
we  met  Little  Ramsey  and  the  young  man  who 
rode  the  sorrel  horse.  They  told  us  that  they 
caught  the  man  after  a  ten-mile  chase,  and 


that  he  was  badly  hurt,  for  the  wagon  had  upset 
and  the  fellow  was  beneath  it.  Ramsey  asked 
my  father  to  go  at  once  to  see  what  could  be 
done  for  him. 

The  man  was  quite  dead  when  my  father 
reached  him.  There  was  a  purple  mark  around 
his  neck;  and  the  opinion  seemed  to  be  that 
he  had  got  tangled  up  in  the  harness  or  some- 
thing jt  «jt 

rHE  war-time  months  went  dragging  by, 
and  the  burden  of  gloom  in  the  air  seemed 
to  lift;  for  when  the  Chicago j" Tribune "  was 
read  each  evening  in  the  post-office  Jt  told  of 
victories  on  land  and  sea.  Yet  it  was  a  joy  not 
untinged  with  black;  for  in  the  church  across 
from  our  house,  funerals  had  been  held  for 
farmer  boys  who  had  died  in  prison  pens  and 
been  buried  in  Georgia  trenches. 
One  youth  there  was,  I  remember,  who  had 
stopped  to  get  a  drink  at  our  pump,  and  squirted 
a  mouthful  of  water  over  me  because  I  was 
handy  Jt,  jt, 

One  night  the  postmaster  was  reading  aloud 
the  names  of  the  killed  at  Gettysburg,  and  he 
ran  right  on  to  the  name  of  this  boy.  The  boy's 
father  sat  there  on  a  nail-keg,  chewing  a  straw. 
The  postmaster  tried  to  shuffle  over  the  name 
and  on  to  the  next. 
"Hi!  Wha— what's  that  you  said?" 
"Killed  in  honorable  battle — Snyder,  Hiram," 
said  the  postmaster  with  a  forced  calmness, 
determined  to  face  the  issue. 
The  boy's  father  stood  up  with  a  jerk.  Then 
he  sat  down.  Then  he  stood  up  again  and 
staggered  his  way  to  the  door  and  fumbled 
for  the  latch  like  a  blind  man. 
"  God  help  him !  he  's  gone  to  tell  the  old 
woman,"  said  the  postmaster  as  he  blew  his 
nose  on  a  red  handkerchief. 
The  preacher  preached  a  funeral  sermon  for 
the  boy,  and  on  the  little  pyramid  that  marked 
the   family  lot   in  the   burying-ground   they 
carved  the  inscription:  "Killed  in  honorable 
battle,  Hiram  Snyder,  aged  nineteen." 
Not  long  after,  strange,  yellow,  bearded  men  in 
faded  blue  began  to  arrive.  Great  welcomes 
were  given  them ;  and  at  the  regular  Wednesday 
evening    prayer-meeting    thanksgivings    were 
poured  out  for  their  safe  return,  with  names  of 
company  and  regiment  duly  mentioned  for  the 
Lord's  better  identification.  Bees  were  held  for 
some  of  these  returned  farmers,  where  twenty 
teams  and  fifty  men,  old  and  young,  did  a 
season's  farm  work  in  a  day,  and  split  enough 
wood  for  a  year.  At  such  times  the  women  would 
bring  big  baskets  of  provisions  and  long  tables 
would  be  set,  and  there  were  very  jolly  times, 
with  cracking  of  many  jokes  that  were  veterans, 
and  the  day  would  end  with  pitching  horse- 
shoes, and  at  last  with  singing  "Auld  Lang 
Syne." 
It  was  at  one  such  gathering  that  a  ghost  ap- 


Page  Seventy-four 


THE  FRA 


February 


peared — a  lank,  saffron  ghost,  ragged  as  a 
scarecrow — wearing  a  foolish  smile  and  the 
cape  of  a  cavalryman's  overcoat  with  no  coat 
beneath  it.  The  apparition  was  a  youth  of  about 
twenty,  with  a  downy  beard  all  over  his  face, 
and  countenance  well  mellowed  with  coal  soot, 
as  though  he  had  ridden  several  days  on  top  of 
a  freight-car  that  was  near  the  engine. 
This  ghost  was  Hiram  Snyder. 
All  forgave  him  the  shock  of  surprise  he  caused 
us — all  except  the  minister  who  had  preached 
his  funeral  sermon.  Years  after  I  heard  this 
minister  remark  in  a  solemn,  grieved  tone: 
"  Hiram  Snyder  is  a  man  who  cannot  be  relied 
on." 


HE  first  "spring  beauties"  bloomed  very 
early  that  year;  violets  came  out  on  the 
south  side  of  rotting  logs,  and  cowslips  blos- 
somed in  the  slough  as  they  never  had  done 
before.  Over  on  the  knoll,  prairie  chickens 
strutted  pompously  and  proudly  drummed. 
The  war  was  over!  Lincoln  had  won,  and  the 
country  was  safe! 

The  jubilee  was  infectious,  and  the  neighbors 
who  used  to  come  and  visit  us  would  tell  of 
the  men  and  boys  who  would  soon  be  back. 
<I  The  war  was  over! 

My  father  and  mother  talked  of  it  across  the 
table,  and  the  men  talked  of  it  at  the  store, 
and  earth,  sky,  and  water  called  to  each  other 
in  glad  relief,  "The  war  is  over!" 
But  there  came  a  morning  when  my  father 
walked  up  from  the  railroad  station  very  fast, 
and  looking  very  serious.  He  pushed  right  past 
me  as  I  sat  in  the  doorway.  I  followed  him  into 
the  kitchen  where  my  mother  was  washing 
dishes,  and  heard  him  say,  "Lincoln  is  dead!" 
and  then  he  burst  into  tears. 
I  had  never  before  seen  my  father  shed  tears 
—in  fact  I  had  never  seen  a  man  cry.  There 
is  something  terrible  in  the  grief  of  a  man. 
Soon  the  church  bell  across  the  road  began  to 
toll.  It  tolled  all  that  day.  Three  men— Steve 
Sealey,  Jake  Burtis  and  Mel  Chadbourn — rang 
the  bell  all  day  long,  tolling,  slowly  tolling, 
tolling  until  night  came  and  the  stars  came 
out.  I  thought  it  a  little  curious  that  the  stars 
should  come  out,  for  Lincoln  was  dead;  but 
they  did,  for  I  saw  them  as  I  trotted  by  my 
father's  side  down  to  the  post-office. 
There  was  a  great  crowd  of  men  there.  At  the 
long  line  of  peeled  hickory  hitching  poles  were 
dozens  of  saddle-horses.  The  farmers  had  come 
for  miles  to  get  details  of  the  news. 
On  the  long  counters  that  ran  down  each  side 
of  the  store  men  were  seated,  swinging  their 
feet,  and  listening  intently  to  some  one  who  was 
reading  aloud  from  a  newspaper.  We  worked 
our  way  past  the  men  who  were  standing  about, 
and  with  several  of  these  my  father  shook  hands 
solemnly  «jt  «^t 
Leaning  against  the  wall  near  the  window  was 


a  big,  red-faced  man,  whom  I  knew  as  a  Copper- 
head. He  had  been  drinking,  evidently,  for  he 
was  making  boozy  efforts  to  stand  very  straight. 
There  were  only  heard  a  subdued  buzz  of 
whispers  and  the  monotonous  voice  of  the 
reader,  as  he  stood  there  in  the  centre,  his 
newspaper  in  one  hand  and  a  lighted  candle 
in  the  other. 

The  red-faced  man  lurched  two  steps  forward, 
and  in  a  loud  voice  said:  "L — L— -Lincoln  is 
dead, — an'  I  'm  damn  glad  of  it ! " 
Across  the  room  I  saw  two  men  struggling 
with  Little  Ramsey.  Why  they  should  struggle 
with  him  I  could  not  imagine,  but  ere  I  could 
think  the  matter  out,  I  saw  him  shake  himself 
loose  from  the  strong  hands  that  sought  to 
hold  him.  He  sprang  upon  the  counter,  and  in 
one  hand  I  saw  he  held  a  scale-weight.  Just 
an  instant  he  stood  there,  and  then  the  weight 
shot  straight  at  the  red-faced  man.  The  missile 
glanced  on  his  shoulder  and  shot  through  the 
window.  In  another  second  the  red-faced  man 
plunged  through  the  window,  taking  the  entire 
sash  with  him. 

"  You  '11  have  to  pay  for  that  window, "  called 
the  alarmed  postmaster  out  into  the  night. 
The  store  was  quickly  emptied,  and  on  following 
outside  no  trace  of  the  red-faced  man  could  be 
found.  The  earth  had  swallowed  both  the  man 
and  the  five-pound  scale-weight. 
After  some  minutes  had  passed  in  a  vain  search 
for  the  weight  and  the  Copperhead,  we  went 
back  into  the  store  and  the  reading  was  con- 
tinued «3&  & 

But  the  interruption  had  relieved  the  tension, 
and  for  the  first  time  that  day  men  in  that  post- 
office  joked  and  laughed.  It  even  lifted  from  my 
heart  the  gloom  that  threatened  to  smother  me, 
and  I  went  home  and  told  the  story  to  my  mother 
and  sisters,  and  they  too  smiled,  so  closely  akin 
are  tears  and  smiles. 


rHE  story  of  Lincoln's  life  had  been  in- 
grained into  me  long  before  I  ever  read 
a  book.  For  the  people  who  knew  Lincoln,  and 
the  people  who  knew  the  people  that  Lincoln 
knew,  were  the  only  people  I  knew.  I  visited 
at  their  houses  and  heard  them  tell  what 
Lincoln  had  said  when  he  sat  at  table  where 
I  then  sat.  I  listened  long  to  Lincoln  stories, 
"and  that  reminds  me"  was  often  on  the  lips 
of  those  I  loved.  All  the  tales  told  by  the  faithful 
Herndon  and  the  needlessly  loyal  Nicolay  and 
Hay  were  current  coin,  and  the  rehearsal  of  the 
Lincoln-Douglas  debate  was  commonplace. 
When  our  own  poverty  was  mentioned,  we 
compared  it  with  the  poverty  that  Lincoln  had 
endured,  and  felt  rich.  I  slept  in  a  garret  where 
the  winter's  snow  used  to  sift  merrily  through 
the  slab  shingles,  but  then  I  was  covered  with 
warm  buffalo  robes,  and  a  loving  mother  tucked 
me  in  and  on  my  forehead  imprinted  a  good- 
night kiss.  But  Lincoln  at  the  same  age  had 


February 


THE  FRA 


Page  Seventy-five 


no  mother  and  lived  In  a  hut  that  had  neither 
windows,  doors,  nor  floor,  and  a  pile  of  leaves 
and  straw  in  the  corner  was  his  bed.  Our  house 
had  two  rooms,  but  one  winter  the  Lincoln 
home  was  only  a  shed  enclosed  on  three  sides. 
<I  I  knew  of  his  being  a  clerk  in  a  country  store 
at  the  age  of  twenty,  and  that  up  to  that  time 
he  had  read  but  four  books ;  of  his  running  a  flat- 
boat,  splitting  rails,  and  pouring  at  night  over 
a  dog-eared  law-book;  of  his  asking  to  sleep  in 
the  law  office  of  Joshua  Speed,  and  of  Speed's 
giving  him  permission  to  move  in.  And  of  his 
going  away  after  his  "worldly  goods"  and 
coming  back  in  ten  minutes  carrying  an  old 
pair  of  saddle-bags  which  he  threw  into  a 
corner  saying,  "  Speed,  I  've  moved ! " 
I  knew  of  his  twenty  years  of  country  law- 
practise,  when  he  was  considered  just  about  as 
good  and  no  better  than  a  dozen  others  on  that 
circuit,  and  of  his  making  a  bare  living  during 
the  time.  Then  I  knew  of  his  gradually  awak- 
ening to  the  wrong  of  slavery,  of  the  expansion 
of  his  mind,  so  that  he  began  to  incur  the  jeal- 
ousy of  rivals  and  the  hatred  of  enemies,  and 
of  the  prophetic  feeling  in  that  slow  but  sure- 
moving  mind  that  "A  house  divided  against 
itself  cannot  stand.  I  believe  this  Government 
cannot  endure  permanently  half  slave  and  half 
free." 

I  knew  of  the  debates  with  Douglas  and  the 
national  attention  they  attracted,  and  of  Judge 
Davis'  remark,  "Lincoln  has  more  common- 
sense  than  any  man  in  America;"  and  then, 
chiefly  through  Judge  Davis'  influence,  of  his 
being  nominated  for  President  at  the  Chicago 
Convention.  I  knew  of  his  election,  and  the 
coming  of  the  war,  and  the  long,  hard  fight, 
when  friends  and  foes  beset  and  none  but  he 
had  the  patience  and  the  courage  that  could 
wait.  And  then  I  knew  of  his  death,  that  death 
which  then  seemed  a  calamity — terrible  in  its 
awful  blackness. 

But  now  the  years  have  passed,  and  I  comprehend 
somewhat  of  the  paradox  of  things,  and  I  know 
that  this  death  was  just  what  he  might  have 
prayed  for.  It  was  a  fitting  close  for  a  life  that 
had  done  a  supreme  and  mighty  work. 
His  face  foretold  the  end. 
Lincoln  had  no  home  ties.  In  that  plain,  frame 
house,  without  embellished  yard  or  ornament, 
where  I  have  been  so  often,  there  was  no  love 
that  held  him  fast.  In  that  house  there  was  no 
library,  but  in  the  parlor,  where  six  haircloth 
chairs  and  a  slippery  sofa  to  match  stood  guard, 
was  a  marble  table  on  which  were  various  gift- 
books  in  blue  and  gilt.  He  only  turned  to  that 
home  when  there  was  no  other  place  to  go. 
Politics,  with  its  attendant  travel  and  excite- 
ment, allowed  him  to  forget  the  what-might- 
have-beens.  Foolish  bickering,  silly  pride,  and 
stupid  misunderstanding  pushed  him  out  upon 
the  streets  and  he  sought  to  lose  himself  among 
the  people.  And  to  the  people  at  length  he  gave 


his  time,  his  talents,  his  love,  his  life.  Fate  took 
from  him  his  home  that  the  country  might  call 
him  Savior.  Dire  tragedy  was  a  fitting  end;  for 
only  the  souls  who  have  suffered  are  well  loved. 
<I  Jealousy,  disparagement,  calumny,  have  all 
made  way  and  North  and  South  alike  revere 
his  name. 

The  memory  of  his  gentleness,  his  patience,  his 
firm  faith,  and  his  great  and  loving  heart  are 
the  priceless  heritage  of  a  united  land.  He  had 
charity  for  all  and  malice  toward  none ;  he  gave 
affection,  and  affection  is  hisjeward. 
Honor  and  love  are  his. 

J* 

God  never  made  a  gymnasium — He  did,  how- 
ever, make  a  garden. 

jt 

Abraham  Lincoln 

By  Robert  G.  Ingersoll 

id^INCOLN  always  saw  the  end.  He 
was  unmoved  by  the  storms  and 
currents  of  the  times  Jt  He  ad- 
vanced too  rapidly  for  the  con- 
servative politicians,  too  slowly 
for  the  radical  enthusiasts.  He 
occupied  the  line  of  safety,  and 
held  by  his  personality — by  the 
force  of  his  great  character,  by 
his  charming  candor— the  masses, 
on  his  side. 

The  soldiers  thought  of  him  as 
a  father. 

All  who  had  lost  their  sons  in 
battle  felt  that  they  had  his  sym- 
pathy— felt  that  his  face  was  as  sad  as  theirs. 
They  knew  that  Lincoln  was  actuated  by  one 
motive,  and  that  his  energies  were  bent  to  the 
attainment  of  one  end — the  salvation  of  the 
Republic. 

They  knew  that  he  was  kind,  sincere  and  merci- 
ful. They  knew  that  in  his  veins  there  was  no 
drop  of  tyrants'  blood.  They  knew  that  he  used 
his  power  to  protect  the  innocent,  to  save  repu- 
tation and  life — that  he  had  the  brain  of  a  phi- 
losopher— the  heart  of  a  mother. 
During  all  the  years  of  war,  Lincoln  stood  the 
embodiment  of  mercy,  between  discipline  and 
death.  He  pitied  the  imprisoned  and  condemned. 
He  took  the  unfortunate  in  his  arms,  and  was 
the  friend  even  of  the  convict.  He  knew  temp- 
tation's strength — the  weakness  of  the  will— 
and  how  in  fury's  sudden  flame  judgment 
drops  the  scales,  and  passion — blind  and  deaf 
—usurps  the  throne. 

One  day  a  woman,  accompanied  by  a  Senator, 
called  on  the  President.  The  woman  was  the 
wife  of  one  of  Mosby's  men.  Her  husband  had 
been  captured,  tried  and  condemned  to  be  shot. 
She  came  to  ask  for  the  pardon  of  her  husband. 
The  President  heard  her  story  and  then  asked 
what  kind  of  a  man  her  husband  was.  "Is  he 
intemperate,  does  he  abuse  the  children  and 


Page  Seventy-six 


THE  FRA 


February 


beat  you?"  "No,  no,"  said  the  wife,  "he  is  a 
good  man,  a  good  husband,  he  loves  me  and 
he  loves  the  children,  and  we  cannot  live  with- 
out him.  The  only  trouble  is  that  he  is  a  fool 
about  politics — I  live  in  the  North,  born  there, 
and  if  I  get  him  home,  he  will  do  no  more 
fighting  for  the  South."  "Well,"  said  Mr. 
Lincoln,  after  examining  the  papers,  "I  will 
pardon  your  husband  and  turn  him  over  to  you 
for  safe  keeping. "  The  poor  woman,  overcome 
with  joy,  sobbed  as  though  her  heart  would 
break  jt  jt 

"My  dear  woman,"  said  Lincoln,  "if  I  had 
known  how  badly  it  was  going  to  make  you 
feel,  I  never  would  have  pardoned  him. "  "  You 
do  not  understand  me, "  she  cried  between  her 
sobs.  "  You  do  not  understand  me. "  "  Yes,  yes, 
I  do, "  answered  the  President,  "  and  if  you  do 
not  go  away  at  once  I  shall  be  crying  with  you. " 
<I  On  another  occasion,  a  member  of  Congress, 
on  his  way  to  see  Lincoln,  found  in  one  of  the 
anterooms  of  the  White  House  an  old  white- 
haired  man,  sobbing — his  wrinkled  face  wet 
with  tears  ,,•*  The  old  man  told  him  that  for 
several  days  he  had  tried  to  see  the  President 
— that  he  wanted  a  pardon  for  his  son.  The 
Congressman  told  the  old  man  to  come  with 
him  and  he  would  introduce  him  to  Mr.  Lincoln. 
On  being  introduced,  the  old  man  said:  "Mr. 
Lincoln,  my  wife  sent  me  to  you.  We  had  three 
boys.  They  all  joined  your  army.  One  of  'em 
has  been  killed,  one  's  a-fighting  now,  and  one 
of  'em,  the  youngest,  has  been  tried  for  deserting 
and  he  's  going  to  be  shot  day  after  to-morrow. 
He  never  deserted.  He  's  wild,  and  he  may  have 
drunk  too  much  and  wandered  off,  but  he  never 
deserted.  'T  aint  in  the  blood.  He  's  his  mother's 
favorite,  and  if  he  's  shot,  I  know  she  '11  die. " 
The  President,  turning  to  his  secretary,  said: 
"  Telegraph  General  Butler  to  suspend  the  exe- 
cution in  the  case  of [giving  the  name] 

until  further  orders  from  me,  and  ask  him  to 


answer ." 

The  Congressman  congratulated  the  old  man  on 
his  success — but  the  old  man  did  not  respond. 
He  was  not  satisfied.  "Mr.  President,"  he  be- 
gan, "I  can't  take  that  news  home.  It  won't 
satisfy  his  mother.  How  do  I  know  but  what 
you'll  give  further  orders  to-morrow?"  "My 
good  man, "  said  Mr.  Lincoln,  "  I  have  to  do  the 
best  I  can.  The  generals  are  complaining  be- 
cause I  pardon  so  many.  They  say  that  my 
mercy  destroys  discipline.  Now,  when  you  get 
home  you  tell  his  mother  what  you  said  to  me 
about  my  giving  further  orders,  and  then  you 
tell  her  that  I  said  this:  'If  your  son  lives  until 
they  get  further  orders  from  me,  when  he 
does  die  people  will  say  that  old  Methuselah 
was  a  baby  compared  with  him.'" 
The  pardoning  power  is  the  only  remnant  of 
absolute  sovereignty  that  a  President  has  ^t 
Through  all  the  years,  Lincoln  will  be  known 
as  Lincoln  the  loving,  Lincoln  the  merciful. 


INCOLN  had  the  keenest  sense  of  humor, 
and  always  saw  the  laughable  side  even 
of  disaster.  In  his  humor  there  was  logic  and 
the  best  of  sense.  No  matter  how  complicated 
the  question,  or  how  embarrassing  the  situation, 
his  humor  furnished  an  answer  and  a  door  of 
escape  £•  £• 

Vallandigham  was  a  friend  of  the  South,  and 
did  what  he  could  to  sow  the  seeds  of  failure. 
In  his  opinion  everything,  except  rebellion,  was 
unconstitutional  ,jt  ,< 

He  was  arrested,  convicted  by  a  court  martial, 
and  sentenced  to  imprisonment. 
There  was  doubt  about  the  legality  of  the  trial, 
and  thousands  in  the  North  denounced  the  whole 
proceeding  as  tyrannical  and  infamous.  At  the 
same  time  millions  demanded  that  Vallandig- 
ham should  be  punished. 
Lincoln's  humor  came  to  the  rescue.  He  disap- 
proved of  the  findings  of  the  court,  changed  the 
punishment,  and  ordered  that  Mr.  Vallandig- 
ham should  be  sent  to  his  friends  in  the 
South  &  £> 

<I  Those  who  regarded  the  act  as  unconstitu- 
tional almost  forgave  it  for  the  sake  of  its 
humor  £•  jt 

Horace  Greeley  always  had  the  idea  that  he  was 
greatly  superior  to  Lincoln,  because  he  lived  in 
a  larger  town,  and  for  a  long  time  insisted  that 
the  people  of  the  North  and  the  people  of  the 
South  desired  peace.  He  took  it  upon  himself  to 
lecture  Lincoln.  Lincoln,  with  that  wonderful 
sense  of  humor,  united  with  shrewdness  and 
profound  wisdom,  told  Greeley  that,  if  the  South 
really  wanted  peace,  he  (Lincoln)  desired  the 
same  thing,  and  was  doing  all  he  could  to  bring 
it  about.  Greeley  insisted  that  a  commissioner 
should  be  appointed,  with  authority  to  nego- 
tiate with  the  representatives  of  the  Confed- 
eracy ,36  This  was  Lincoln's  opportunity.  He 
authorized  Greeley  to  act  as  such  commissioner. 
The  great  editor  felt  that  he  was  caught.  For  a 
time  he  hesitated,  but  finally  went,  and  found 
that  the  Southern  commissioners  were  willing 
to  take  into  consideration  any  offers  of  peace 
that  Lincoln  might  make,  consistent  with  the 
independence  of  the  Confederacy. 
The  failure  of  Greeley  was  humiliating,  and  the 
position  in  which  he  was  left,  absurd. 
Again  the  humor  of  Lincoln  had  triumphed  jt 
Lincoln,  to  satisfy  a  few  fault-finders  in  the 
North,  went  to  Grant's  headquarters  and^met 
some  Confederate  commissioners  jt  He  urged 
that  it  was  hardly  proper  for  him  to  negotiate 
with  the  representatives  of 'rebels  in  arms — that 
if  the  South  wanted  peace,  all  they  had  to  do 
was  to  stop  fighting.  One  of  the  commissioners 
cited  as  a  precedent  the  fact  that  Charles  the 
First  negotiated  with  rebels  in  arms.  To  which 
Lincoln  replied  that  Charles  the  First  lost  his 
head  £•  J^ 

The  conference  came  to  nothing,  as  Mr.  Lincoln 
expected  £•  jt, 


February 


THE  FRA 


Page  Seventy-seven 


The  commissioners,  one  of  them  being  Alex- 
ander H.  Stephens,  who,  when  in  good  health, 
weighed  about  ninety  pounds,  dined  with  the 
President  and  General  Grant.  After  dinner,  as 
they  were  leaving,  Stephens  put  on  an  English 
ulster,  the  tails  of  which  reached  the  ground, 
while  the  collar  was  somewhat  above  the  wear- 
er's head. 

As  Stephens  went  out,  Lincoln  touched  Grant 
and  said:  "Grant,  look  at  Stephens.  Did  you 
ever  see  as  little  a  nubbin  with  as  much  shuck?  " 
<I  Lincoln  always  tried  to  do  things  in  the  easiest 
way.  He  did  not  waste  his  strength.  He  was  not 
particular  about  moving  along  straight  lines. 
He  did  not  tunnel  the  mountains.  He  was  willing 
to  go  around,  and  reach  the  end  desired  as  a 
river  reaches  the  sea. 


INCOLN  was  a  statesman  «$fc  The  great 
stumbling-block — the  great  obstruction 
— in  Lincoln's  way,  and  in  the  way  of  thousands 
was  the  old  doctrine  of  States'  Rights. 
This  doctrine  was  first  established  to  protect 
slavery.  It  was  clung  to  to  protect  the  inter- 
state slave  trade.  It  became  sacred  in  connection 
with  the  Fugitive  Slave  Law,  and  it  was  finally 
used  as  the  corner-stone  of  Secession. 
This  doctrine  was  never  appealed  to  in  defense 
of  the  right — always  in  support  of  the  wrong. 
For  many  years  politicians  upon  both  sides 
of  this  question  endeavored  to  express  the 
exact  relations  existing  between  the  Federal 
Government  and  the  States,  and  I  know  of  no 
one  who  succeeded,  except  Lincoln.  In  his 
message  of  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Sixty-one, 
delivered  on  July  the  Fourth,  the  definition  is 
given,  and  it  is  perfect: 

Whatever  concerns  the  whole  should  be  confined 
to  the  whole — to  the  General  Government.  What- 
ever concerns  only  the  State  should  be  left  exclu- 
sively to  the  State. 

When  that  definition  is  realized  in  practice, 
this  country  becomes  a  Nation.  Then  we  shall 
know  that  the  first  allegiance  of  the  citizen  is 
not  to  his  State,  but  to  the  Republic,  and  that 
the  first  duty  of  the  Republic  is  to  protect  the 
citizen  not  only  when  in  other  lands,  but  at 
home,  and  that  this  duty  cannot  be  discharged 
by  delegating  it  to  the  States. 
Lincoln  believed  in  the  sovereignty  of  the 
people — in  the  supremacy  of  the  Nation — in 
the  territorial  integrity  of  the  Republic. 


"GREAT  actor  can  be  known  only  when 
'-he  has  assumed  the  principle  character 
in  a  great  drama.  Possibly  the  greatest  actors 
have  never  appeared,  and  it  may  be  that  the 
greatest  soldiers  have  lived  the  lives  of  perfect 
peace.  Lincoln  assumed  the  leading  part  in  the 
greatest  drama  ever  enacted  upon  the  stage  of 
this  continent. 
His  criticisms  of  military  movements,  his  corre- 


spondence with  his  generals  and  others  on  the 
conduct  of  the  war,  show  that  he  was  at  all 
times  master  of  the  situation — that  he  was  a 
natural  strategist,  that  he  appreciated  the  diffi- 
culties and  advantages  of  every  kind,  and  that 
in  "the  still  and  mental"  field  of  war  he  stood 
the  peer  of  any  man  beneath  the  flag. 
Had  McClellan  followed  his  advice,  he  would 
have  taken  Richmond. 

Had  Hooker  acted  in  accordance  with  his  sug- 
gestions, Chancellorsville  would  have  been  a 
victory  for  the  Nation. 

Lincoln's  political  prophecies  were  all  fulfilled. 
We  know  now  that  he  not  only  stood  at  the 
top,  but  that  he  occupied  the  center,  from  first 
to  last,  and  that  he  did  this  by  reason  of  his 
intelligence,  his  humor,  his  philosophy,  his 
courage  and  his  patriotism. 
In  passion's  storm  he  stood,  unmoved,  patient, 
just  and  candid.  In  his  brain  there  was  no  cloud, 
and  in  his  heart  no  hate.  He  longed  to  save  the 
South  as  well  as  the  North,  to  see  the  Nation  one 
and  free. 

He  lived  until  the  end  was  known. 
He  lived  until  the  Confederacy  was  dead — until 
Lee  surrendered,  until  Davis  fled,  until  the  doors 
of  Libby  Prison  were  opened,  until  the  Republic 
was  supreme. 

He  lived  until  Lincoln  and  Liberty  were  united 
forever  «^t  <£ 

He  lived  to  cross  the  desert — to  reach  the  palms 
of  victory — to  hear  the  murmured  music  of  the 
welcome  waves. 

He  lived  until  all  loyal  hearts  were  his — until 
the  history  of  his  deeds  made  music  in  the  souls 
of  men — until  he  knew  that  on  Columbia's  Cal- 
endar of  worth  and  fame  his  name  stood  first. 
<I  He  lived  until  there  remained  nothing  for  him 
to  do  as  great  as  he  had  done. 
What  he  did  was  worth  living  for,  worth  dying 
for  Jt  JL 

He  lived  until  he  stood  in  the  midst  of  universal 
Joy,  beneath  the  outstretched  wings  of  Peace— 
the  foremost  man  in  all  the  world. 
And  then  the  horror  came.  Night  fell  on  noon. 
The  Savior  of  the  Republic,  the  breaker  of 
chains,  the  liberator  of  millions,  he  who  had 
"assured  freedom  to  the  free,"  was  dead. 
Upon  his  brow  Fame  placed  the   immortal 
wreath,  and  for  the  first  time  in  the  history 
of  the  world  a  Nation  bowed  and  wept. 
The  memory  of  Lincoln  is  the  strongest,  ten- 
derest  tie  that  binds  all  hearts  together  now, 
and  holds  all  States  beneath  a  Nation's  flag. 


JRAHAM  LINCOLN— strange  mingling 
"of  mirth  and  tears,  of  the  tragic  and 
grotesque,  of  cap  and  crown,  of  Socrates  and 
Democritus,  of  ^sop  and  Marcus  Aurelius, 
of  all  that  is  gentle  and  just,  humorous  and 
honest,  merciful,  wise,  laughable,  lovable  and 
divine,  and  all  consecrated  to  the  use  of  man; 
while  through  all,  and  over  all,  was  an  over- 


Page  Seventy-eight 


THE  FRA 


February 


whelming  sense  of  obligation,  of  chivalric 
loyalty  to  truth,  and  upon  all,  the  shadow  of 
the  tragic  end. 

Nearly  all  the  great  historic  characters  are 
impossible  monsters,  disproportioned  by  flat- 
tery, or  by  calumny  deformed  «$t  We  know 
nothing  of  their  peculiarities,  or  nothing  but 
their  peculiarities.  About  these  oaks  there 
clings  none  of  the  earth  of  humanity. 
Washington  is  now  only  a  steel  engraving. 
About  the  real  man  who  lived  and  loved  and 
hated  and  schemed,  we  know  but  little.  The 
glass  through  which  we  look  at  him  is  of  such 
high  magnifying  power  that  the  features  are 
exceedingly  indistinct. 

Hundreds  of  people  are  now  engaged  in  smooth- 
ing out  the  lines  of  Lincoln's  face — forcing  all 
features  to  the  common  mold — so  that  he  may 
be  known,  not  as  he  really  was,  but,  according 
to  their  poor  standard,  as  he  should  have  been. 
Lincoln  was  not  a  type.  He  stands  alone — no 
ancestors,  no  fellows,  and  no  successors. 
He  had  the  advantage  of  living  in  a  new  country 
of  social  equality,  of  personal  freedom,  of  seeing 
in  the  horizon  of  his  future  the  perpetual  star  of 
hope.  He  preserved  his  individuality  and  his  self- 
respect.  He  knew  and  mingled  with  men  of  every 
kind ;  and,  after  all,  men  are  the  best  books.  He 
became  acquainted  with  the  ambitions  and 
hopes  of  the  heart,  the  means  used  to  accom- 
plish ends,  the  springs  of  action  and  the  seeds  of 
thought.  He  was  familiar  with  nature,  with 
actual  things,  with  common  facts.  He  loved  and 
appreciated  the  poem  of  the  year,  the  drama  of 
the  seasons. 

In  a  new  country  a  man  must  possess  at  least 
three  virtues — honesty,  courage  and  gener- 
osity. In  cultivated  society,  cultivation  is  often 
more  important  than  soil.  A  well-executed 
counterfeit  passes  more  readily  than  a  blurred 
genuine.  It  is  necessary  only  to  observe  the 
unwritten  laws  of  society — to  be  honest  enough 
to  keep  out  of  prison,  and  generous  enough 
to  subscribe  in  public — where  the  subscription 
can  be  defended  as  an  investment. 
In  a  new  country,  character  is  essential;  in 
the  old,  reputation  is  sufficient.  In  the  new, 
they  find  what  a  man  really  is;  in  the  old,  he 
generally  passes  for  what  he  resembles.  People 
separated  only  by  distance  are  much  nearer 
together,  than  those  divided  by  the  walls  of 
caste  jt  Jt, 

It  is  no  advantage  to  live  in  a  great  city,  where 
poverty  degrades  and  failure  brings  despair. 
The  fields  are  lovelier  than  paved  streets,  and 
the  great  forests  than  walls  of  brick.  Oaks  and 
elms  are  more  poetic  than  steeples  and  chim- 
neys «5t  Jt, 

In  the  country  is  the  idea  of  home.  There  you 
see  the  rising  and  setting  sun;  you  become 
acquainted  with  the  stars  and  clouds.  The 
constellations  are  your  friends.  You  hear  the 
rain  on  the  roof  and  listen  to  the  rhythmic 


sighing  of  the  winds.  You  are  thrilled  by  the 
resurrection  called  Spring,  touched  and  sad- 
dened by  Autumn — the  grace  and  poetry  of 
death.  Every  field  is  a  picture,  a  landscape; 
every  landscape  a  poem ;  every  flower  a  tender 
thought,  and  every  forest  a  fairy-land.  In  the 
country  you  preserve  your  identity — your  per- 
sonality. There  you  are  an  aggregation  of  atoms, 
but  in  the  city  you  are  only  an  atom  of  an 
aggregation  jt  ^t 

In  the  country  you  keep  your  cheek  close  to 
the  breast  of  Nature.  You  are  calmed  and 
ennobled  by  the  space,  the  amplitude  and  scope 
of  earth  and  sky — by  the  constancy  of  the 
stars  Jt,  jft, 

Lincoln  never  finished  his  education.  To  the 
night  of  his  death  he  was  a  pupil,  a  learner, 
an  inquirer,  a  seeker  after  knowledge.  You  have 
no  idea  how  many  men  are  spoiled  by  what  is 
called  education.  For  the  most  part,  colleges 
are  places  where  pebbles  are  polished  and 
diamonds  are  dimmed.  If  Shakespeare  had 
graduated  at  Oxford,  he  might  have  been  a 
quibbling  attorney,  or  a  hypocritical  parson. 
Lincoln  was  a  great  lawyer.  There  is  nothing 
shrewder  in  this  world  than  intelligent  honesty. 
Perfect  candor  is  sword  and  shield. 
He  understood  the  nature  of  man.  As  a  lawyer 
he  endeavored  to  get  at  the  truth,  at  the  very 
heart  of  a  case.  He  was  not  willing  even  to 
deceive  himself.  No  matter  what  his  interest 
said,  what  his  passion  demanded,  he  was  great 
enough  to  find  the  truth  and  strong  enough  to 
pronounce  judgment  against  his  own  desires. 
Lincoln  was  a  many-sided  man,  acquainted 
with  smiles  and  tears,  complex  in  brain,  single 
in  heart,  direct  as  light;  and  his  words,  candid 
as  mirrors,  gave  the  perfect  image  of  his  thought. 
He  was  never  afraid  to  ask — never  too  dignified 
to  admit  that  he  did  not  know.  No  man  had 
keener  wit  or  kinder  humor. 
It  may  be  that  humor  is  a  pilot  of  reason. 
People  without  humor  drift  unconsciously  into 
absurdity.  Humor  sees  the  other  side — stands 
in  the  mind  like  a  spectator,  a  good-natured 
critic,  and  gives  its  opinion  before  judgment 
is  reached.  Humor  goes  with  good  nature,  and 
good  nature  is  the  climate  of  reason.  In  anger, 
reason  abdicates  and  malice  extinguishes  the 
torch.  Such  was  the  humor  of  Lincoln  that  he 
could  tell  even  unpleasant  truths  as  charmingly 
as  most  men  can  tell  the  things  we  wish  to  hear. 
§  He  was  not  solemn.  Solemnity  is  a  mask 
worn  by  ignorance  and  hypocrisy — it  is  the 
preface,  prologue,  and  index  to  the  cunning  or 
the  stupid. 

He  was  natural  in  his  life  and  thought— master 
of  the  story-teller's  art,  in  illustration  apt,  in 
application  perfect,  liberal  in  speech,  shocking 
Pharisees  and  prudes,  using  any  word  that  wit 
could  disinfect. 

He  was  a  logician.  His  logic  shed  light.  In  its 
presence  the  obscure  became  luminous,  and 


February 


THE  FRA 


Page  Seventy-nine 


the  most  complex  and  intricate  political  and 
metaphysical  knots  seemed  to  untie  themselves. 
Logic  is  the  necessary  product  of  intelligence 
and  sincerity.  It  cannot  be  learned.  It  is  the 
child  of  a  clear  head  and  a  good  heart. 
Lincoln  was  candid,  and  with  candor  often  de- 
ceived the  deceitful.  He  had  intellect  without 
arrogance,  genius  without  pride,  and  religion 
without  cant — that  is  to  say,  without  bigotry 
and  without  deceit. 

He  was  an  orator — clear,  sincere,  natural.  He 
did  not  pretend.  He  did  not  say  what  he  thought 
others  thought,  but  what  he  thought. 
If  you  wish  to  be  sublime  you  must  be  natural 
—you  must  keep  close  to  the  grass.  You  must 
sit  by  the  fireside  of  the  heart;  above  the  clouds 
it  is  too  cold.  You  must  be  simple  in  your  speech ; 
too  much  polish  suggests  insincerity. 
The  great  orator  idealizes  the  real,  transfigures 
the  common,  makes  even  the  inanimate  throb 
and  thrill,  fills  the  gallery  of  the  imagination 
with  statues  and  pictures  perfect  in  form  and 
color,  brings  to  light  the  gold  hoarded  by 
memory  the  miser,  shows  the  glittering  coin 
to  the  spendthrift  hope,  enriches  the  brain,  en- 
nobles the  heart,  and  quickens  the  conscience. 
Between  his  lips  words  bud  and  blossom. 
If  you  wish  to  know  the  difference  between  an 
orator  and  an  elocutionist — between  what  is 
felt  and  what  is  said — between  what  the  heart 
and  brain  can  do  together  and  what  the  brain 
can  do  alone — read  Lincoln's  wondrous  speech 
at  Gettysburg,  and  then  the  oration  of  Edward 
Everett  Jt  Jt, 

The  speech  of  Lincoln  will  never  be  forgotten. 
It  will  live  until  languages  are  dead  and  lips 
are  dust.  The  oration  of  Everett  will  never  be 
read  Jt>  & 

The  elocutionists  believe  in  the  virtue  of  voice, 
the  sublimity  of  syntax,  the  majesty  of  long 
sentences,  and  the  genius  of  gesture. 
The  orator  loves  the  real,  the  simple,  the 
natural.  He  places  the  thought  above  all.  He 
knows  that  the  greatest  ideas  should  be  ex- 
pressed in  the  shortest  words — that  the  greatest 
statues  need  the  least  drapery. 
Lincoln  was  an  immense  personality — firm  but 
not  obstinate.  Obstinacy  is  egotism — firmness, 
heroism.  He  influenced  others  without  effort, 
unconsciously;  and  they  submitted  to  him  as 
men  submit  to  nature — unconsciously.  He  was 
severe  with  himself,  and  for  that  reason  lenient 
with  others. 

He  appeared  to  apologize  for  being  kinder  than 
his  fellows. 

He  did  merciful  things  as  stealthily  as  others 
committed  crimes. 

Almost  ashamed  of  tenderness,  he  said  and  did 
the  noblest  words  and  deeds  with  that  charming 
confusion,  that  awkwardness,  that  is  the  perfect 
grace  of  modesty. 

As  a  nobleman,  wishing  to  pay  a  small  debt 
to  a  poor  neighbor,  reluctantly  offers  a  hundred- 


dollar  bill  and  asks  for  change,  fearing  that  he 
may  be  suspected  either  of  making  a  display  of 
wealth  or  a  pretense  of  payment;  so  Lincoln 
hesitated  to  show  his  wealth  of  goodness,  even 
to  the  best  he  knew. 

A  great  man  stooping,  not  wishing  to  make  his 
fellows  feel  that  they  were  small  or  mean. 
By  his  candor,  by  his  kindness,  by  his  perfect 
freedom  from  restraint,  by  saying  what  he 
thought,  and  saying  it  absolutely  in  his  own 
way,  he  made  it  not  only  possible,  but  popular, 
to  be  natural.  He  was  the  enemy  of  mock 
solemnity,  of  the  stupidly  respectable,  of  the 
cold  and  formal. 

He  wore  no  official  robes  either  on  his  body  or 
his  soul.  He  never  pretended  to  be  more  or 
less,  or  other,  or  different,  from  what  he  really 
was  jt  «jt 

He  had  the  unconscious  naturalness  of  Nature's 
self  Jt  Jt 

He  built  upon  the  rock.  The  foundation  was 
secure  and  broad.  The  structure  was  a  pyramid, 
narrowing  as  it  rose.  Through  days  and  nights 
of  sorrow,  through  years  of  grief  and  pain,  with 
unswerving  purpose,  "with  malice  toward 
none,  with  charity  for  all,"  with  infinite  pa- 
tience, with  unclouded  vision,  he  hoped  and 
toiled.  Stone  after  stone  was  laid,  until  at  last 
the  Proclamation  found  its  place.  On  that  the 
Goddess  stands. 

He  knew  others,  because  perfectly  acquainted 
with  himself.  He  cared  nothing  for  place,  but 
everything  for  principle;  little  for  money,  but 
everything  for  independence  jt  Where  no  prin- 
ciple was  involved,  easily  swayed — willing  to 
go  slowly,  if  in  the  right  direction — sometimes 
willing  to  stop ;  but  he  would  not  go  back,  and 
he  would  not  go  wrong. 
He  was  willing  to  wait.  He  knew  that  the  event 
was  not  waiting,  and  that  fate  was  not  the  fool 
of  chance.  He  knew  that  slavery  had  defenders, 
but  no  defense,  and  that  they  who  attack  the 
right  must  wound  themselves. 
He  was  neither  tyrant  nor  slave.  He  neither 
knelt  nor  scorned. 

With  him,  men  were  neither  great  nor  small — 
they  were  right  or  wrong. 
Through  manners,  clothes,  titles,  rags  and  race 
he  saw  the  real — that  which  is.  Beyond  accident, 
policy,  compromise  and  war  he  saw  the  end. 
<I  He  was  patient  as  Destiny,  whose  unde- 
cipherable hieroglyphs  were  so  deeply  graven 
on  his  sad  and  tragic  face. 
Nothing  discloses  real  character  like  the  use  of 
power.  It  is  easy  for  the  weak  to  be  gentle. 
Most  people  can  bear  adversity.  But  if  you  wish 
to  know  what  a  man  really  is,  give  him  power. 
This  is  the  supreme  test.  It  is  the  glory  of 
Lincoln  that,  having  almost  absolute  power, 
he  never  abused  it,  except  on  the  side  of  mercy. 
<§  Wealth  could  not  purchase,  power  could  not 
awe,  this  divine,  this  loving  man. 
He  knew  no  fear  except  the  fear  of  doing  wrong. 


Page  Eighty 


THE  FRA 


February 


Hating  slavery,  pitying  the  master — seeking  to 
conquer,  not  persons,  but  prejudices — he  was 
the  embodiment  of  the  self-denial,  the  courage, 
the  hope  and  the  nobility  of  a  Nation. 
He  spoke  not  to  inflame,  not  to  upbraid,  but  to 
convince  <£  <£• 

He  raised  his  hands,  not  to  strike,  but  in  bene- 
diction Jt,  jt 
He  longed  to  pardon. 

He  loved  to  see  the  pearls  of  joy  on  the  cheeks 
of  a  wife  whose  husband  he  had  rescued  from 
death  Jt,  ^t 

Lincoln  was  the  grandest  figure  of  the  fiercest 
civil  war.  He  is  the  gentlest  memory  of  our 
world  jt  jk 

j* 

Stand  with  anybody  that  stands  right.  Stand 
with  him  while  he  is  right,  and  part  with  him 
when  he  goes  wrong. 

e5* 

Lincoln 

By  Gen.  Clark  E.  Carr, 
U.S.  Minister  to  Russia  under  President  Lincoln 

BRAHAM  LINCOLN  was  the 
drollest  man  I  ever  saw. 
Never  was  another  man  so  vi- 
vacious; never  have  I  seen  an- 
other who  provoked  so  much 
mirth,  and  who  entered  into 
rollicking  fun  with  such  glee. 
He  was  the  most  comical  and 
jocose  of  human  beings,  laugh- 
ing with  the  same  zest  at  his 
own  jokes  as  at  those  of  others. 
I  do  not  wonder  that,  while 
actively  engaged  in  party  politics, 
his  opponents  who  had  seen  him  in  these  moods 
called  Abraham  Lincoln  a  clown  and  an  ape. 


BRAHAM  LINCOLN  was  the  most  serious 
man  I  ever  saw. 
When  I  heard  him  protest  against  blighting 
our  new  territories  with  the  curse  of  human 
slavery,  in  his  debates  with  Senator  Douglas, 
no  man  could  have  been  more  in  earnest,  none 
more  serious.  In  his  analysis  of  legal  problems, 
whether  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  or  in 
the  consideration  of  state  papers,  he  became 
wholly  absorbed  in  his  subject.  Sometimes  he 
lapsed  into  reverie  and  communed  with  his  own 
thoughts,  noting  nothing  that  was  going  on 
about  him  until  aroused,  when  perhaps  he 
would  enter  into  a  discussion  of  the  subject 
that  had  occupied  his  mind,  or  perhaps  break 
out  into  laughter  and  tell  a  joke  or  story  that 
set  the  table  in  a  roar. 


HEN  I  saw  him  at  Gettysburg  as  he 
exclaimed,  "That  we  here  highly 
resolve  that  these  dead  shall  not  have  died  in 
vain;  that  the  nation  shall,  under  God,  have 
a  new  birth  of  freedom,  and  that  the  govern- 
ment of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and  for  the 
people  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth ! " — when 
I  heard  him  declare  in  his  second  inaugural 
address,  "Fondly  do  we  hope,  fervently  do 
we  pray,  that  this  mighty  scourge  of  war  may 
speedily  pass  away.  Yet  if  God  wills  that  it 
continue  until  all  the  wealth  piled  up  by  the 
bondsman's  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  of 
unrequited  toil  shall  be  sunk,  and  until  every 
drop  of  blood  drawn  with  the  lash  shall  be 
paid  by  another  drawn  with  the  sword,  as  was 
said  three  thousand  years  ago,  so  still  it  must 
be  said,  the  judgments  of  the  Lord  are  true 
and  righteous  altogether. "...."  With 
malice  toward  none,  with  charity  for  all,  with 
firmness  in  the  right  as  God  gives  us  to  see 
the  right," — as  I  looked  upon  him  and  heard 
him  utter  these  sentiments,  upon  these  occa- 
sions, Abraham  Lincoln  was  the  most  solemn, 
the  most  dignified,  the  most  majestic,  and  at 
the  same  time,  the  most  benignant  human 
being  I  ever  saw. 


OCHEFOUCAULD  says  that  "gravity  is 
a  mystery  of  the  body  invented  to  con- 
ceal defects  of  the  mind."  Lord  Shaftesbury 
says  that  "gravity  is  the  very  essence  of 
imposture."  Abraham  Lincoln  had  none  of 
this  jfc  jfc 


AN  is  the  most  serious  of  animals. 

Man  is  the  most  frivolous  of  animals. 
It  is  said  that  man  is  the  only  animal  that  can 
both  laugh  and  cry.  Abraham  Lincoln  gave 
full  vent  to  his  emotions.  He  went  through 
life  with  no  restraints  nor  manacles  upon  his 
human  nature.  He  was  honest  in  the  expression 
of  his  feelings,  whether  serious  or  otherwise, 
honest  in  their  manifestations,  honest  with 
himself  jt  jt 


MT  was  because  Abraham  Lincoln  was  the 
most  human  of  human  beings  that  he  is 
loved  as  has  never  been  any  other  man  that 
ever  lived. 

j* 

He  who  does  SOMETHING  at  the  head  of  one 
regiment,  will  eclipse  him  who  does  NOTHING 
at  the  head  of  a  hundred. 


February 


THE  FRA 


xv 


All  of  the  best  literature  is  autobiography,  that  is  to  say  it  is  a  confession. — W.  D.  Howells 

A    CONFESSION 

HIS  is  an  advertisement  written  by  "John,"  alias  "The  Fra," 
erstwhile  Elbert  Hubbard,  being  a  little  labor  of  love  for  his  friends, 
The  Aeolian  Company.  Furthermore,  this  advertisement  has  the 
unique  quality  of  being  literally  true.  I  have  written  one  Little 
Journey  a  month  for  fourteen  years.  The  best  selling  series,  as  well 
as  the  best  selling  book  I  have  ever  written  is  "Little  Journeys  to 
the  Homes  of  Great  Musicians."  The  musicians  I  wrote  about  in 
this  series  are  as  follows:  Wagner,  Liszt,  Bach,  Schumann,  Brahms, 
Mozart,  Paganini,  Chopin,  Handel,  i  Mendelssohn,  Verdi,  Beethoven. 
Now  I  am  not  a  musician,  although  I  have  ever  listened  to  music  with  keen  delight. 
But  the  names  of  the  great  composers,  and  their  best  pieces,  were  to  me  merely 
names.  I  decided  to  write  of  Great  Musicians  simply  because  I  knew  nothing  about 
them,  which  is  surely  excuse  enough  for  choosing  a  theme.  I  began  with  Richard 
Wagner,  because  he  was  arrested  for  speechifying  on  street  corners  in  Dresden.  This 
interested  me,  for  I  once  was  given  a  ride  in  the  hurry-up  wagon  for  the  same 
offense  <&  Beside  that  Wagner  could  never  play  the  piano,  and  therein  he  also  re- 
sembled me — we  seemed  to  have  things  in  common.  So  I  wrote  my  Little  Journey  to 
the  Home  of  Wagner.  Three  days  afterward  I  read  it,  and  it  was  so  Class  B  punk 
that  I  tore  up  the  MS.  and  chucked  it  into  the  waste-basket. 

A  few  days  after  this  I  lectured  in  a  town  on  the  same  evening  that  Paderewski 
played  there.  We  stopped  at  the  same  hotel.  I  cut  my  Effort  a  little  short,  so  to  hear 
his  last  piece.  He  knew  I  was  coming  in  late,  and  like  the  true  gentleman  that  he  is, 
he  added  two  numbers  to  his  program,  just  for  me. 

After  the  recital  we  had  a  little  Dutch  Lunch  and  I  told  him  of  my  experience  with  the 
"Wagner."  "If  I  could  hear  you  play  every  day,  I  could  write  some  Good  Stuff,"  I  said. 
Q  He  smiled,  replied,  "Buy  a  Pianola,  and  play  for  yourself." 

The  next  day  I  was  in  New  York  and  met  Rev.  Hugh  Pentecost,  orator,  thinker,  poet 
and  honest  man.  I  told  him  of  what  Paderewski  had  said.  "Good,"  he  replied,  "come 
home  and  have  dinner  with  me  and  I  '11  play  my  Pianola  for  you." 
That  evening  Hugh  played  for  me,  and  the  next  day  I  bought  a  Pianola. 
I  began  on  Wagner,  and  the  satisfaction  I  got  out  of  playing  was  for  me  a  glad  sur- 
prise. I  seemed  to  get  acquainted  with  my  man — he  was  very  near  to  me.  I  knew  his 
trials,  struggles,  disappointments,  aspirations,  hopes,  joys.  Sometimes  I  mopped  as  I 
played — just  as  I  do  when  I  write,  and  I  write  well  occasionally.  After  playing  for  half 
an  hour  I  would  write,  and  my  pencil  couldn't  keep  up  with  my  thoughts. 
Each  composer  was  taken  up  in  the  same  way  A.  I  played  his  music  until  I  seemed 
to  know  the  man — I  bathed  me  in  sweet  sounds.  Then  I  bought  another  Pianola  and 
put  it  in  the  Roycroft  Bookbindery,  and  one  of  the  girls  used  to  play  for  the  workers, 
to  their  great  delight.  I  think  I  could  write  a  better  series  of  "Musicians"  now — I  have 
more  harmony  in  my  cosmos  I  hope  than  I  had  then,  less  grump,  grouch  and  growl 
in  my  fortissimo.  Then  the  Pianola  Piano  is  a  better  instrument  than  I  at  first  used. 
For  one  thing,  it  has  the  Metrostyle,  which  gives  the  proper  swing  to  a  composition 
— helps  to  make  plain  the  thought  that  was  in  the  composer's  mind. 
The  Weber  Pianola  Piano  is  a  great  boon  for  a  Business  Man — it  brings  to  him  the 
joy  and  zest  of  producing  the  music  himself.  It  is  educational  and  it  is  a  rest  and  re- 
laxation for  tired  nerves.  It  tends  to  sanity,  strength  and  length  of  days.  Music  stirs  the 
imagination  to  the  creative  point.  And  the  reason  I  know  is  because  I  have  tried  it. 

CAUTION: — There  is  but  one  Pianola.  Do  not  make  the  mistake  of  supposing  because  a 
music  store  sells  Piano-players  that  it  sells  the  Pianola  and  Pianola  Piano.  Only  the  Aeolian 
Company  makes  the  genuine  Pianola  and  Pianola  Piano  «5*  Send  for  our  Booklet  S. 

THE    AEOLIAN    COMPANY 

Aeolian  Hall :  362  Fifth  Avenue,  near  Thirty  -fourth  Street,  New  York,  U.  S.  A. 


xvi 


THE  FRA 


February 


r 


OUR  last  chance!"  called  little  Tommy  Edison,  trainboy,  as  he  hurried 
down  the  car  aisle.  "Your  last  chance  to  buy  the  latest  paper  before 
the  train  starts."  <J  Just  fifty  years  ago,  the  man  who  now  enjoys  the 
World's  admiration,  sold  papers,  apples  and  kandy  on  the  trains  of 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad.  <J  This  proves  at  least  One  Thing — envi- 
ronment has  nothing,  or  everything,  to  do  with  what  we  call  Greatness. 
A  newsboy  may  yet  cause  the  world  to  place  flowers  on  his  bier. 
Q  Given  ambition,  a  whole-souled  spirit,  tireless  energy,  and  a  strong 
appreciation  of  right  or  wrong,  as  ingredients,  and  the  finished  man 
•will  defy  Oblivion.  <^  Thoughtful  men  agree,  Edison  had  everything  in 
his  favor  necessary  for  Success;  not  too  much  food,  practically  no  money  and  all  the  work 
he  could  manage.  Besides,  he  had  a  mother,  an  ideal  mother  of  rare  qualities.  She,  a 
Scotch  Schoolmistress,  would  now  and  then  take  little  Tommy  on  her  knee  •  and 
talk  to  him,  and  teach  him,  and  fire  him  with  a  desire  to  be  a  great  and  good 
man  Jt  She  it  was  who  impressed  her  boy  with  the  dignity  of  labor.  "Tommy, 
my  lad,"  she  would  say,  "the  dirtiest  kind  of  work  can  never  soil  a  gentleman 
beyond  recognition.  Always  remember  to  be  kind  and  thoughtful  of  others,  and  your 
work  will  bring  you  Honor."  She  also  developed  in  him  the  Study  Habit,  and  it  never  left 
him.  Cf  That  Edison  had  no  burden  of  congested  wealth  to  carry  on  his  youthful  shoulders 
was  a  handicap  of  the  right  sort.  He  was  a  man  before  he  was  a  boy,  with  a  man's  duties,  with 
a  family  to  support,  yet  it  seems  he  was  always  a  boy.  He  is  one  to-day.  Thomas  A.  Edison's 
perennial  youth  defies  Time.  Q  As  a  trainboy  on  a  "thru-run,"  Tommy  worked,  and 
studied  in  the  Baggage  Car  between  stops,  because  his  mother  said  it  was  the  Proper 
Thing  to  do.  Bill-the-Baggage-Man  liked  the  little  codger,  and  allowed  him  to  convert  one 
end  of  the  car  into  an  Experimental  Laboratory.  This  was  the  beginning,  but  the  end  is  not 
yet  here.  <J  Thomas  Alva  Edison  started  work  when  he  was  twelve,  and  he  has  n't  stopped 
since.  He  works,  he  reads,  he  studies — he  works  again,  and  all  that  he  asks  for  his  labor 
is  his  board  and  clothes.  And  Greatness  surely  crowns  the  efforts  of  Thomas  Alva  Edison. 

THE  EDISON  PHONOGRAPH 

Edison's  greatest  invention  is  the  Phonograph.  It  is  his  greatest  because  it  proved,  even 
as  a  grown  man,  he  had-not  forgotten  the  influences  of  his  early  home;  his  mother's 
teachings.  It  proved  that  he  knew  the  value  of  healthy,  happy  amusement.  It  proved  that 
he  appreciated  beyond  any  one  else,  the  educational  possibilities  of  his  invention.  Thomas 
Edison  believes  that  we  can  best  educate  our  children  in  our  own  Homes.  <J  "  A  part  of 
every  child's  education,"  says  Edison,  "should  be  a  knowledge  of  music.  He  should  learn 
to  know  and  love  good  music."  CJ  Here  is  where  the  Phonograph  is  especially  strong. 
Think  what  it  means  to  be  able  to  recognize  instantly  and  appreciate  the  Jewel  Song  from 
Faust,  the  Intermezzo  from  Cavalleria,  Delibes"  ballet  music,  the  Pilgrims'  Chorus 
from  Tannhauser,  as  well  as  the  national  airs  and  the  light  popular  music  of  the  day. 

A  liking   for  Music  comes  with  hearing  it.    Moral:  Own  an  Edison. 

Those  cheerful  FRA  Folks  who  would  know  more  about  Edison's  Phonograph  —  and  incidentally 
gain  an  insight  into  Edison's  present  day  work — will  receive  every  attention  by  addressing 

NATIONAL  PHONOGRAPH   COMPANY 

Number   One   Lakeside   Avenue,   Orange,    New  Jersey,    U.  S.  A. 

SPECIAL      ILLUSTRATED       BOOKLET       FREE      TO      FRA      FOLLOWERS 


LOSE  who  have  shown  forth  the  spirit 
by  which  progress  has  been  made  possi- 
ble have  not  been  afraid  to  be  under  the  ban. 
Bruno  and  Galileo  and  Copernicus  and  Kepler 
and  Voltaire  and  Paine  are  shining  lights  in 
that  grand  galaxy  of  the  historic  dead  who  in 
every  generation  have  faced,  along  with  fol- 
lowers of  inferior  attainments,  the  pitiful  rage 
of  Ignorance  in  order  that  this  race  might 
enter  into  a  larger  and  fuller  life  Jt>  Bring  on 
your  anathemas,  hurl  your  insensate  thunder- 


bolts. The  march 
of  the  ages 
laughs  at  your 
threats,  and  the 
great  cosmic  au- 
tomaton moves 
ever  serenely 
and  grandly  on. 
The  shame  we 
feel  for  the  per- 
secutors of  Right 
in  the  centuries 
that  have  gone, 
is  like  that  which 
will  well  up  in 
the  conscious- 
ness of  the  future 
toward  the 
blindness  and 
fatuity  of  to-day. 
Shades  of  Tor- 
quemada,  of 
Calvin,  of  Ed- 
wards, of  Ma- 
ther! the  intol- 
erance you  be- 
queathed is  fad- 
ing away  into 
the  Oblivions 
that  never  wake 
—into  the  en- 
gulfing fast- 
nesses of  that 
Time  which 
speaks  not.— 
George  Allen 
White. 

jfc 

O    greater 
blessing 
than  the  artistic 
conscience   can 
come  to   any 

worker  in  art,  be  he  sculptor,  writer,  singer, 
or  painter.  Hold  fast  to  it,  and  it  shall  be 
your  compass  in  time  when  the  sun  is  dark- 
ened. To  please  the  public  is  little,  but  to 
satisfy  your  Other  Self,  that  self  which  watches 
your  every  thought  and  deed,  is  much.  No 
artistic  success  worth  having  is  possible  unless 
you  satisfy  that  Other  Self. 

j» 

No  one  is  useless  in  the  world  who  lightens  the 
burden  of  it  for  any  one  else. — Dickens. 


February 


THE  FRA 


xvu 


ARE  YOU  AN  ADVERTISER? 

TV/TEN  of  the  minute,  fellows  with  plenty  of  ginger  and  dash  in  their  cosmos, 
1VA  with  ego  sufficient  to  flavor,  are  setting  a  pace  for  all  Old  Timers.  Pub- 
licity oils  the  machine  that  moves  the  stock.  Twentieth  Century  Business 
Methods  command  you — keep  your  goods  in  the  front  window.  To-day  you 
simply  have  to  advertise,  or  it's  you  for  the  granite  and  the  epitaph  *  se  &  *  * 

E  D(l  SON'S      MIMEOGRAPH 

means  "first  aid"  to  advertisers.  You  have  a  list  of  customers  that  appreciate 
a  little  "personal  touch"  now  and  then.  Again  you  may  have  in  stock  some= 
thing  of  Special  Interest  that  they  want — that  you  want  to  sell.  The  Edison 
Mimeograph  will  turn  out  a  neatly  typewritten  list  of  your  "bargains,"  a 
letter  written  in  your  own  handwriting,  of  something  quite  bosarty,  that  will 
boomerang  the  Persimmons.  QOnly  Haswasers  meditate  I  The  Band  Wagon 
awaits,  my  Lord! 

THE       EDISON       MIMEOGRAPH 

Adapted  to  printing  circular  letters,  price  lists,  changes  in  prices,  quotations, 
descriptions,  notices,  schedules,  statements,  office  and  factory  forms,  music, 
drawing,  sketches,  and  anything  typewritten  or  handwritten,  where  either 
small  or  large  quantities  are  desired.  Fifty  copies  per  minute.  No  experience 
required.  Every  copy  as  perfect  as  an  original.  Booklet  free  to  FRA  Followers. 

A.  B.  DICK  COMPANY,  161=163  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

BRANCH  DEPOT :  47  Nassau  Street,  New  York 


E    court- 

ecus  to 
all,  but  intimate 
with  few;  and 
let  those  few  be 
well  tried  before 
you  give  them 
your  confidence. 
True  friendship 
is  a  plant  of  slow 
growth,  and 
must  undergo 
and  withstand 
the  shocks  of 
adversity  before 
it  is  entitled  to 
the  appellation. 
Let  your  heart 
feel  for  the  afflic- 
tions  and  dis- 
tresses of  every 
one,  and  let  your 
hand  give  in 
proportion  to 
your  purse;  re- 
membering al- 
ways the  esti- 
mation of  the 
widow's  mite, 
that  it  is  not 
every  one  that 
asketh  that  de- 
serveth  charity; 
all  however,  are 
worthy  of  the 
inquiry,  or  the 
deserving  may 
suffer  Jt  Do  not 
conceive  that 
fine  clothes 
make  fine  men, 
any  more  than 
fine  feathers 

make  fine  birds.  A  plain,  genteel  dress  is  more 
admired,  obtains  more  credit,  than  lace  and 
embroidery,  in  the  eyes  of  the  judicious  and 
sensible. — George  Washington  in  a  letter  to  his 
nephew,  Bushrod  Washington,  1783. 

Jt 

We  rise  by  raising  others — and  he  who  stoops 
above  the  fallen,  stands  erect. — Ingersoll. 


Of  UST  suppose  that  a  Bissell  could  not  do  better  work  than  a  Corn 
Broom  I  Just  suppose  that  a  Bissell  was  not  ten  times  easier  for 
the  Worker's  [back!  Just  suppose  that  a  Bissell  did  not  outwear  thirty 
brooms — and  save  your  money!  You  would  still  realize  on  the  invest= 
ment  because  it  permits  dustless  industry — it  conserves  Health. 


BISSELL 


"Cyco" 

BALL-BEARING 
Carpet  Sweeper 


befriends  the  Housewife.  Mothers  whose  duties  confine  them  indoors, 
too  much  of  the  time,  where  the  air  is  never  very  good,  should  not 
invite  illness  by  breathing  in  a  dusty  room  for  twenty  minutes  or  more 
each  day.  Housewives  I  Buy  a  Bissell  and  Live  Forever  I  <JSold  by  all 
first =class  dealers.  Prices  $2.75  to  $6.50.  <I  Descriptive  Booklet — Free 
to  FRA  Fraus  and  FRA  Frauleins. 

Bissell    Carpet   Sweeper    Co.,   Grand    Rapids,   Michigan 

(Largest  and  Only  Exclusive  Carpet  Sweeper  Makers  in  the  World) 


AN  is  the  only  creature  in  all  the 
animal  kingdom  that  sits  in  judgment 
on  the  work  of  the  Creator  and  finds  it  bad, — 
both  Nature  and  himself  included. 

J* 

Resolve  to  know  thyself;  and  know  that  he 
who  finds  himself  loses  his  misery. — Matthew 
Arnold. 


Japanese  intelligence,  valor  and  ambition  trace  a  heritage  to 
Tea.  Americans  find  comfort  and  consolation  in  Schilling's  Best 


XV111 


THE    FRA  February 


DISCREET   PEOPLE 

who  appreciate  good  Coffee — not  those  who  gluttonize — the  connoisseurs  who  know, 
who  discriminate,  have  issued  an  edict  against  all  "bulk"  Coffee.  Say  they:  Three  virtues 
surely  dignify  Good  Coffee — Flavor,  Cleanliness  and  Stability  of  Quality.  Further,  they 
add,"These  three  cannot  possibly  be  found  in  Coffee  that  rests  in  Open  Bins  in  front  of 
Grocers'  counters."  Q  The  Air  absorbs  the  Coffee  flavor,  the  bins  catch  all  floating  dust 
and  dirt,  and  every  time  the  Grocer  buys  a  new  supply  one  gets  a  different  kind  of 
Coffee,  called  by  the  same  name.  That  is  the  protest  and  it  is  well  founded !  Besides  the 
price  of  the  Best  compares  favorably  with  that  of  the  Questionable — Why  Experiment  ? 

WHITE    HOUSE    COFFEE 

The    Coffee    of   Connoisseurs— Never    Disappoints! 

Packed  under  perfectly  sanitary  conditions — in  sealed  packages.  No  dust!  No  dirt ! 
No  "catch-all"  bins!  Providing  at  all  times  an  Unequaled,  Unchangeable  Quality. 

WHITE      HOUSE      COFFEE 

meets  the  critic  on  a  Basis  of  Intelligent  Understanding,  Mutuality  and  Reciprocity. 
Packed  in  1, 2  and  3  pound  tins — whole  or  ground.  Never  in  bulk — all  Class  A  Grocers. 

DWINELL-    WRIGHT       COMPANY 

PRINCIPAL   COFFEE   ROASTERS  BOSTON   AND    CHICAGO 


TO     LAWYERS 

]HEN  you  have  on  the  Stand  for  Examination  or  Cross-Exam- 
ination :  Clergymen,  Gamblers,  Orientals,  Prostitutes,  Detectives, 
Indians,  Opium  Fiends,  Priests,  Lawyers,  Procuresses,  Panders, 
Witnesses  testifying  in  concert,  Tutored  Witnesses,  Eavesdroppers, 
"Fencing"  Witnesses,  Prevaricating  Witnesses,  Horse-Shedders,  Babbling 
Busybodies,  Witnesses  Guilty  of  Fraud,  "Forward"  or  "Swift"  Witnesses, 
Booze-Fighters,  Children,  Women,  Aged,  Intelligent  or  Ignorant  Witnesses, 
—you  ought  to  know  what  has  been  said  by  the  courts  about  their  credibility. 
When  you  argue  on  the  facts  either  in  the  lower  or  the  higher  courts, 
the  observations  of  the  judges  on  the  weight  to  be  attached  to  the  testi- 
mony of  these  and  all  sorts  of  witnesses  should  be  at  your  finger-ends. 

MOORE      ON      FACTS 

and  no  other  work  gives  you  this  information.  It  deals,  not  with  the  rules 
for  admitting  or  excluding  evidence,  but  with  its  weight  and  credibility. 
In  addition  to  twelve  thousand  citations  of  cases,  many  non -legal  authorities  are  referred  to. 
TWO  VOLUMES,  BOUND  IN  SHEEP,  PRICE  TWELVE  DOLLARS,  DELIVERED 

Edward  Thompson  Company,  Northport,  Long  Island,  New  York 


February 


THE  FRA 


THE  OPPORTUNITY  OF  THE  HOUR 

Commercial 
Winter  Apple 
ORCHARDS 

If  you  could  increase  your  in- 
come $300  or  more  ayear  would 
you  be  interested?  T[That's  over 
$2$  for  each  month  during  the 
year.  TfSurely  that's  worth 
while,  and  you  can.  HThe 
"Apple  Industry"  in  the  State 
of  Washington  points  the  way. 
T[Few  realize  the  vast  profits 
made  by  the  Washington 
Apple  Growers.  IfMind  you, 
I  'm  only  referring  to  the  long- 
keeping,  high-class  Winter 
Apple — the  Washington  fruit 
—none  other.  HThisisthe  Apple 
that  is  sold  in  New  York, 
Chicago,  London,  and  in  all  the 
large  cities,  at  a  higher  price 
per  box  than  other  apples  bring 
by  the  barrel.  HThe  demand 
for  the  Washington  Apple  ex- 

I  his  is  the  way  they  grow— They  bring  $Z.OO  a  box— There-  are  six  boxes  CCCUS  tllC  SUpply,  AND  A  LWA  YS 

WILL.  There  are  reasons, 
of  course.  Well,  now,  you  have  it  within  your  power — this  minute — to  become  interested 
in  the  profits  of  the  "Apple  Industry."  That  is— if  you'll  save  $  *  a  month  during  a 
period  of  48  months.  This  will  purchase  for  you  an  "ORCHARD  UNIT"  of  the 
MEADOW  LAKE  ORCHARD  COMPANY,  of  Spokane,  Washington,  the  annual  earn- 
ing power  of  which  is  $?00  or  more  after  your  contract  matures.  You  may  contract 
for  the  purchase  of  as  many  Units  as  you  wish.  Each  acre  of  this  huge  orchard  is  repre- 
sented by  one  orchard  unit.  l[Now — I  ve  given  you  the  idea  in  the  abstract.  The  "Apple 
Industry"  is,  as  I  said  above,  "The  Opportunity  of  the  Hour."  I  will  send  you  my  inter- 
esting Free  Bookie' entitled,  "WINTER  APPLES  FOR  PROFIT"— a  postal  will  do. 
At  the  same  time  I  '11  write  you  and  explain  our  plan  in  detail.  1  want  you  to  know  how 
you  can  safely  invest  your  savings  and  increase  your  income.  Few  in  "the  East  realize  the 
earning  power  of  money  in  the  West.  This  is  one  of  the  big  INCOME  PRODUCERS. 
Shall  I  send  the  booklet?  nt'JZr 


Meadow  Lake  Orchard  Co.,  Spokane,  Washington 

A.  G.  HANAUER,  President 
LARGEST    ORCHARD    OPERATORS     IN     THE     NORTHWEST 


Name 


A.  G.  HANAUER,  Pres., 

Meadow  Lake  Orchard  Co., 

Spokane,  Washington. 
Dear  Sir:-  Address. 

Kindly    mail    me    your    Free   Booklet   entitled 
Winter  Apples  for  Profit."  I  am  interested. 


THE  FRA 


February 


TO    INTRODUCE  THE   WORKS  OF 

ROBERT  G.  INGERSOLL 

DRESDEN  EDITION 
we  will  send,  upon:  receipt  of  10  cents  in 
stamps,  the  following  illustrated  lecture : 
(never  before  sold  for  less  than  25  cents) 

LINCOLN 

"the  greatest  figure  of  the  fiercest  civil 
war,  the  gentlest  memory  of  our  world. ' ' 
ELBERT  HUBBARD  says:  "The  His- 
tory of  America's  thought  evolution  can 
never  be  written  and  the  name  of  Ingersoll 
left  out  jfc  In  his  own  splendid  person- 
ality he  had  no  rivals,  no  competitors.  He 
stands  alone;  and  no  name  in  liberal 
thought  can  ever  eclipse  his.  This  earth 
is  a  better  place,  and  life  and  liberty  are 
safer  because  Robert  G.  Ingersoll  lived 

Dresden  Publishing  Co.,  Dept.  M. 

18  East  17th  Street,  New  York   City,   U.S.A. 


Listen  to  the  Man  who  has  no  Axe  to  grind 

141  IT  I      Advertising 
11 U  Li  Li    Appraiser 

makes  an  investigation  of  your  product  from  every  angle. 
He  then  reduces  your  situation  right  down  to  a  simple 
formula.  He  gets  at  the  vitals.  In  his  report  he  points  out 
the  issue  upon  which  to  build  the  campaign.  This  may 
mean  a  trade-name,  trade-mark,  a  nickname,  phrase  or 
slogan.  It  may  mean  elimination  of  something  seeming- 
ly profitable.  This  is  not  done  by  guess.  He  works  at  a 
case  just  as  a  chemist  makes  a  laboratory  test.  Advertis- 
ing is  pure  guesswork  to  those  who  do  not  understand 
the  three  reactionary  laws  governing  it.  Any  man  might 
run  a  locomotive  after  an  hour's  instruction  as  to  starting 
and  stopping — but  advertising  has  no  rails.  Advertising 
is  the  opposite  from  what  it  looks  to  be.  It  is  triangular. 
It  resembles  a  game  of  billiards  or  pool.  The  important 
thing  to  know  is  the  shape  and  susceptibility  of  your 
business — the  table :  its  capability  in  the  counter  act. 
If  you  are  about  to  advertise,  or  if  you  are  an  advertiser, 
would  it  not  seem  reasonable  to  take  counsel  from  some 
one  not  influenced  by  profit  or  commission?  Some  one 
who  treats  the  matter  professionally  and  candidly  ? 
I  am  not  affiliated  with  any  Publisher,  Advertising 
Agency,  Printer  or  Promoter.  I  do  not  write,  prepare  or 
place  copy.  I  merely  help  you  decide  upon  the  safe  and 
proper  thing  to  do.  There  are  many  machines  to  do  the  rest. 

JAY   WELLINGTON  HULL 


600  TRIBUNE  BUILDING 
NEW  YORK 


HULBERT  BUILDING 
CINCINNATI 


"A    REMARKABLE    BOOK" 

J.  H.  b       A;    V       ID       SO       N,         M.       C. 

"ThelimitofWealth" 

B  Y      A  L  F  R  E  D      L.      HUTCHINSON 


Ought  to  have  a  wider 
circulation  than  "Looking 
Backward."  —  Cumberland 
Presbyterian.  .-;:•:  \  •'••";: 

Mr.  Hutchinson  takes  wide 
issuewiththe  Socialists 
though  seemingly  arriving 
at  the  results  they  desire  to 
reach.— Portland  ( Oregon ) 
Evening1  Telegram.1 

It  is  sound  in  logic  and  in- 
structive in  i\s  ^taterrients 
— a  book  that  the  general 
reader  will  find  instructive 
and  entertaining. — •  Balti- 
more Sun. 

It  is  by  far  the  most  inter- 
esting book  that  I  have 
read  of  late. —  Overland 
Monthly. 

It  makes  cle^ar  the  details 
of  the"  theory.it  supports.-'- 
Denver  News. 

The  book  is  timely  and  the 
Author  has  brought  out 

Published  by  the  Macmillan  Company,  New  York  and 
London.  12mo.  c.oth,  285  pages.  Q  On  receipt  of  $1.50.1 
will  send  a  copy  Of  "The  Limit  of  Wealth,"  contairiiri'g 
the  autograph  of  the  author  jt  jt  Jt  jt  jt 

Edna  Edwards,  Secretary,  Weyauwega,  Wisconsin 


facts  that  none  can  deny. 
— Atlanta  (Georgia)  Star. 

The  author  is  a  "sociolo- 
gist of  originality  and  sound 
commonsense."  —  San 
Francisco  Chronicle. 

It  has  the  refreshing  qual- 
ity of  frankness  and  thor- 
oughness.-^ Boston  Even- 
ing Transcript. 

It  is  at  least  written  by  one 
who  understands  present 
conditions. — New  York 
Times. 

There  is  nothing  improb- 
able or  fantastic  about  the 
theory.  —  Louisville  Cour- 
ier Journal. 

It  would  be  a  fascinating 
pastime  to  describe  in  de- 
tail how  the  proposals  were 
carried  out  in  actual  prac- 
tise.—  New  Age,  London, 
England.  •  «•• 


•Urt. 


Coulb  Brato  Cberptfjins  Put  Cijecfes 

Commercial 
Art  to  them 
was  a  thing 
unknown  A 
Some  few 
starved  while  presenting  to  the  World 
their  Wonderful  Works.  A  man  who 
studied  Art  as  the  Old  Masters  Studied 
it,  in  the  Art  Centers  of  Europe,  will 
teach  you  to  Draw,  also  teach  you  the 
value  of  your  work — and  how  to  turn 
your  Skill  into  a  Bank  Account  A  A 
High  Class  Art  School  stakes  its  Rep= 
utation  on  this  Man's  ability  to  teach 
You!  'A  If  you  are  at  all  interested 
in  Art  for  Practical  Purposes  A  A  « 

THE    SCHOOL  '  OF  -  APPLIED    ART 

T  Two  Hundred  Twelve,  Gallery  of  Fine  Arts  Building 
BAT.  T.LE  CREEK,  MICHIGAN 
Wants  'to  send  -you " '.their  YEAR  BOOK  .FREE 


February 


THE  FRA 


xix 


XN  some  re- 
tail stores 
are  clerks  who 
cringe  before 
c  u  stome  r  s, 
whom  they  fool- 
ishly think  are 
superior  to  them 
because  of  being 
in  different  lines 
of  work.  A  clerk 
who  does  this 
had  best  seek 
other  employ- 
ment. There  are 
no  degrees  in 
useful  labor.  The 
ditch -digger  is  of 
just  as  much 
value  to  the 
community  as 
the  banker- 
something  the 
doubting  banker 
would  discover 
were  there  no 
ditch-diggers  to 
do  that  work. 
I  once  heard  an 
employer  say 
this  to  his  clerks: 
"I  have  noticed 
that  many  of  you 
act  small  and 
scared  and  fear- 
ful when  you 
are  waiting  upon 
people  who  oc- 
cupy a  high 
social  position. 
I  want  you  to 
understand  right 
now  that  this  is 

a  mistake.  I  want  all  of  you  to  feel  that  in  the 
work  you  are  now  engaged  in  there  is  needed 
far  more  knowledge  than  is  required  to  be  a 
mere  society  butterfly,  and  that  those  customers 
before  whom  you  feel  so  small  would  be  ab- 
solutely of  no  use,  in  most  cases,  if  you  were 
to  give  them  a  chance  to  do  your  work.  I  want 
all  of  you  to  look  upon  yourselves  as  special- 
ists Jt  You  are  just  as  good  as  the  men  who 
travel  for  the  wholesale  houses.  Your  territory 
is  so  many  feet  back  of  your  counters,  and  your 


BACKBONE 


Hints  for  the  prevention  of  Jelly-Spine  Curvature  and  Mental 
Squint.  A  straight-up  antidote  for  the  Blues  and  a  straight- 
ahead  Sure  Cure  for  Grouch.  <I  Collected  from  various  sources 
and  arranged  by  S.  DEWiTT  CLOUGH.  <J  This  is  a  Bright, 
Healthy,  Happy  Little  Booklet  of  Inspiration  and  Cheerfulness. 
It  contains  over  sixty  pages  of  gloom-dispelling  philosophy,  lots 
of  "Keep-a-pushing"  poetry  and  hundreds  of  sage  sayings, 
mottoes  and  aphorisms  of  eminent  men.  ^f  This  is  just  the  book 
for  your  reception-room  table  and  to  give  as  a  souvenir  or  present 
to  your  family  and  friends.  <J  You  Kibosh  the  Kill-joy  with 
BACKBONE.  «J  The  Price  is  only  FIFTY  CENTS  A  COPY, 
sent  Postpaid.  Your  Money  back  if  you  are  not  satisfied. 


S.  DeWitt  Clough,   Ravenswood  Station,  Chicago 


LUNDSTROM-COMBINATION 
BOOKCASE    AND     DESK 


EN,  and  women,  too,  who  find  recreation  and  profit  in  Liter- 
ary Pursuits  should  have  a  Lundstrom-Combination   in 
their  Dens,  fl  You  have  your  books  of  ready  reference  under 
your  hand;  your  favorite  authors  within  reaching  distance; 
and  your  encyclopedia  without  leaving  your  chair.  <J  Small  annoyances 
kill  Great  Thoughts  and  Big  Ideas  forsake  one   while   crossing   the 
room.  Do  not  tempt  Oblivion  by  scattering  your  shot.  <f  A  Special 
Booklet  and  Illustrations — free  to  FRA  Followers.    Write  to-day  for 
Booklet  Number  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-five — Purse-Proper  Prices. 


THE  C.  J.  LUNDSTROM  MFG.  COMPANY 

LITTLE     FALLS,     NEW     YORK,    U.S.A. 


trade  comes  to  you  without  any  special  effort 
on  your  part.  If  you  know  your  goods,  if  you 
have  developed  the  power  to  persuade,  if  you 
are  gentlemanly  and  ladylike  in  your  manner, 
if  you  always  try  to  make  your  customers  feel 
that  they  want  to  trade  with  you  again — why, 
what  reason  have  you  for  feeling  small?" — 
Thomas  Dreier. 

j» 

Christian  life  consists  in  faith  and  charity. — 

Luther. 


xx 


THE  FRA 


February 


OU  see,  it  s  this  way.  Figs  are  like  any  other  superfine  fruit — when 
they  are.  But,  of  course,  even  good  figs  can  be  abused  and  neglected. 
Then  again,  many  varieties  are  nearly  all  culls;  others  are  largely 
good;  but  just  one  kind — Geraldson's — are  superfine.  Shortsighted 
CUPIDITY  does  n't  distinguish  very  clearly  between  the  Bad,  the 
Near- Good  and  the  Superfine,  consequently,  after  one  has  sampled  the 
average  pack  a  few  times,  one  loses  interest  in  all  Kinds.  This  should  merely 
teach  discrimination  as  a  Fine  Art,  not  Total  Abstinence.  G,  Generally  but 
little  care  is  taken  as  to  dirt  or  to  keep  the  figs  fresh  after  being  packed,  as 
before  hinted,  by  Some  Makers.  Q  Realizing  and  appreciating  conditions  and 
knowing  that  a  GOOD  FIG  is  one  of  the  MOST  EXQUISITE  PRODUCTS  OF 
NATURE,  the  Foothill  Orchard  Company,  four  years  ago,  commenced  to  pack 

GERALDSON'S    FIGS 

absolutely  tabooing  culls  and  dirt,  using  only  Superfine  Figs,  packing  them 
in  such  a  way  as  to  insure  their  reaching  your  hands  clean  and  fresh.  Putting  in 
a  little  extra  labor  and  kind  care,  to  be  sure,  but  for  a  Good  Cause.  Q  The 
success  of  the  undertaking  has  shown  that  they  "sized  up"  the  American 
palate  correctly.  The  Quality  of  our  Customers  proves  the  Quality  of  our 
Figs.  Q,  Three  Thirty-ounce  Cartons,  prepaid,  for  One  Dollar,  (That  is  to  all 
Wells- Fargo  Express  points),  or  Five  for  One  Dollar  if  you  pay  expressage. 

FOOTHILL   ORCHARD    COMPANY,  NEWCASTLE,  CALIFORNIA 


There  are  Two  Sides  to  Everything 

Roycrofters  are  all  Artists — or  nearly  so — and  their  work 
appeals  to  Lovers  of  the  Beautiful.  €|But  there  is  another  side 
to  our  industry — the  mechanical  side.  We  have  a  lot  of  presses, 
a  dynamo,  a  complicated  belt-drive,  a  number  of  buildings  to 
light  and  several  other  power-eating  propositions.  In  all 
weather — all  conditions — even  when  we  're  working  night 
and  day,  we  depend  on  an 

IDEAL      ENGINE 

THE    POWER    BEHIND     THE     THRONE 

This  then  is  a  Hint  to  Business  Men.  The  IDEAL 
will  minimize  your  power*  troubles.  We  know. 
For  detailed  information,  address— 

IDEAL      ENGINE       WORKS 

(A.  L.  IDE  &  SONS,  PROPRJETORS) 

SPRINGFIELD,        ILLINOIS 


Trade  Mark 


This  trade-mark  tells  the  story.  It  speaks  eleven  languages. 


AGNER  is  never  more  Wagner  than 
when  his  difficulties  increase  ten- 
fold, and  he  triumphs  over  them  with  all  the 
legislative  zeal  of  a  victorious  ruler,  subduing 
rebellious  elements,  reducing  them  to  simple 
rhythms,  and  imprinting  the  supreme  power 
of  his  will  on  a  vast  multitude  of  contending 
emotions.  It  can  be  said  of  him  that  he  has 
endowed  everything  in  nature  with  a  language. 
He  believed  that  nothing  need  be  dumb.  He 
cast  his  plummet  into  the  mystery  of  sunrise, 


forest  and 
mountain,  mist 
and  night 
shadows,  and 
learned  that  all 
these  cherished 
intense  longing 
for  a  voice. — 
Nietzsche. 
<* 

OME    day 
I    shall 
have  a  tomb- 
stone   put    over 
my  grave  and 
an  inscription 
upon  it.  I  want 
only  one  thing 
recorded   on  it, 
and  that  to  the 
effect  that  "he 
labored  to  divert 
his  profession 
from  the  blund- 
ering which  has 
resulted  from 
the  performance 
of     experiments 
on    the    sub- 
human   groups 
of  animal  life, 
in  the  hope  that 
they  would  shed 
light   on   the 
aberrant   physi- 
ology of  the  hu- 
man groups." 
Such  experi- 
ments    never 
have    succeeded 
and  never  can; 
and  they  have, 
as  in  the  cases 

of  Koch,  Pasteur  and  Lister,  not  only  hindered 
true  progress,  but  have  covered  our  profession 
with  ridicule. — Professor  Lawson  Tait,  M.D., 
F.R.C.S.,  LL.D. 

<* 

Give  us  the  man  who  sings  at  his  work.  Be 
his  occupation  what  it  may,  he  is  equal  to 
any  of  those  who  follow  the  same  pursuit  in 
silent  sullenness.  He  will  do  more  in  the  same 
time— he  will  do  it  better — he  will  persevere 
longer. — Carlyle. 


February 


THE  FRA 


xxi 


Oman's  Work 

An    Inquiry    and    An    Assumption 

BY        ALICE        HUBBARD 

fRS.  HUBBARD  here  sets  forth  her 
ideas  with  neither  screech  nor  purr, 
as  to  what  general  line  of  action  women 
should  follow  in  order  to  gain  the  largest 
measure  of  good  for  themselves  and  the 
world.  Q  Mrs.  Hubbard  believes  in  a  like 
wage  for  a  like  service,  and  thinks  that  if 
women  are  everfree  they  must  emancipate 
themselves  from  the  self-imposed  bond- 
age to  dress,  society  and  superstition. 
Q  While  the  view  cannot  be  called  strict- 
ly orthodox,  yet  the  writer  believes  that 
men  are  really  no  worse  than  women 
make  them.  Q  The  book  is  scarcely  a 
soporific,  and  should  not  be  ordered 
as  a  substitute  for  toast  and  tea  &  <* 

On  Boxmoor,  bound  plainly  in  boards,  printed  in  two 
colors,  special  initials  by  Dard  Hunter,  $2.00.  Bound 
Alicia,  $4.00.  A  few  on  Japan  Vellum  in  three-quarters 
levant,  $10.00.  Modeled  leather,  $10.00  **  Jt  Jit  J* 


THE    ROYCROFTERS 

EAST  AURORA,  ERIE  COUNTY, NEW  YORK 


A  Message  to  Garcia 

was  first  printed  in  THE  PHILISTINE  of  March, 
1899.  The  merit  of  the  article  was  instantly  recognized, 
and  the  edition  disappeared.  The  article  was  then 
reprinted  by  George  H.  Daniels  of  the  New  York 
Central  Lines,  and  over  three  million  copies  were  dis- 
tributed. It  was  also  reprinted  by  the  Westinghouse 
Company  in  England.  In  France  the  Bon  Marche  of 
Paris  distributed  a  million  copies.  Prince  Hilakoff, 
Director  of  Railways  in  Russia,  translated  the  essay 
into  Russian  and  presented  a  copy  to  every 
officer  in  the  Russian  Army.  The  Mikado  of  Japan, 
not  to  be  outdone,  had  the  "Message"  printed  in 
Japanese,  and  a  copy  was  placed  in  the  hands  of 
every  Japanese  soldier.  C[  In  all,  the  "Message"  has 
been  translated  into  eleven  languages,  and  reprinted 
over  twenty-five  million  times.  It  is  believed  that  it 
has  a  wider  circulation  than  any  other  article  ever 
written  by  an  American,  and  a  larger  circulation  in 
the  same  space  of  time  than  any  other  article  ever 
produced  in  all  the  history  of  literature.  We  have  a 


Few  Volumes  of  the  "Message 

in  English,  followed  by  the  "Message"  translated 
into  Japanese,  which  in  turn  is  succeeded  by  the 
"Message"  retranslated  into  the  English.  These 
•books  are  bound  in  limp  leather  in  Japanese  style,  to 
be  in  keeping  with  the  text.  Price,  $1.00  each  by  mail. 

We  also  have  the  "Message"  in  paper  covers,  price  lOc. 

The  Koycrofters,  East  Aurora,  N.  Y. 


Health  and  Wealth 

BY  ELBERT  HUBBARD  OF  EAST  AURORA 

A  book  written  in  a  Progressive 
Mood,  dealing  with  conditions 
and  things  of  Twentieth  Century 
importance.  In  it  Mr.  Hubbard 
advocates  Sunshine  and  the  Open 
Road  as  a  direct  route  to  Eternal 
Happiness.  QTho  you  may  not 
be  in  sympathy  with  all  that  Mr. 
Hubbard  believes  and  writes,  yet, 
you  will  need  to  taste  his  book 
as  Mental  Tabasco.  Bound  in 
Limp  Leather  or  in  Boards, 
Leather  Back  -  -  -  -  $2.00 

THE    ROYCROFTERS 

East  Aurora,  Erie  County,  N.  Y. 


The  Man  of  Sorrows 

BY      ELBERT       HUBBARD 

A  story  of  an  honest  man,  who  rebelled 
against  corrupt  society.  It  tells  of  his 
youth,  his  friends,  his  home  life.  It  tells 
how  he,  a  poor  Jewish  peasant,  tried  to 
save  the  world  from  itself.  It  tells  how 
this  same  selfish  world  nailed  him  to 
a  cross — done  to  his  death  by  a  mob. 
It  is  a  plain  story  of  a  plain  man,  who 
worked  according  to  his  Ideals,  and  who 
died  for  that  which  he  thought  was  right. 
Frontispiece — "Jesus  of  Nazareth,  "by 
Gaspard.  Bound  in  limp  leather,  silk 
lined,  with  marker.  Printed  on  English 
Boxmoor  paper,  in  very  plain  type. 
Two  Dollars  to  the  Elect.  Also  bound 
in  boards,  leather  back — Two  Dollars. 

The  Roycrofters,  East  Aurora,  N.  Y. 


XXll 


THE  FRA 


February 


This  is  the  only  chocolate  that  can  be 
made  correctly,  instantly,  without  any 
boiling.  Mix  it  with  boiling  milk  or 
boiling  water — then  serve. 
A  leading  druggist  in  every  community 
is  agent  for  Whitman's  Chocolates  and 
Confections.  If  you  do  not  find  a  dealer 
near  at  hand,  send  50  cents  for  a  sample 
tin  of  Instantaneous  Chocolate.  Send 
for  Book  of  Recipes— FREE— entitled 
"An  Instantaneous  Affair." 

STEPHEN  F.  WHITMAN  &  SON 

PHILADELPHIA,      U.  S.  A. 

Maters  of 
"  Whitman's  Putty  Package  for  Fattidious  Folkt" 


c/In 
Instantaneous 

srsy     • 

c/fffair 

C^*"-**^ 

A  Cup  of  Whitman's  Instantaneous 
Chocolate.  Note  "Instantaneous."  It  is 
the  only  Instantaneous  chocolate.  Its 
flavor  is  a  revelation. 

For  fifty  years  the  best  grocers  have  sold 
Whitman's  Instantaneous  Chocolate  and 
the  first  families  have  used  it. 


Whatever  Happens 
Don't  Forget 


The  Bulldog's 
After  Dinner! 


Bulldog  Segars 

ARE     REAL     HABANA 
FIN  E    A  N  D    MIL  D 

Our  New  and   Pleasing  Shape 

After  Dinner    -  $6.00 

per  box  of  Fifty 
Panetelas  -  $4.00 

per  box  of  Fifty 
"Fra"Perfectos  $3.00 

per  box  of  Twenty-five 

If  Your  Dealer  Doesn't  Handle 
Them  Order  Direct  From  Us 

ROYCROFT    SEGAR    SHOP 

AT  THE  SIGN  OF  THE  BULLDOG 

MAIDEN  LANE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


will  help  only  to 
model  the  out- 
line; but  the 
elements  that  go 
to  construct  it, 
and  keep  it  alive, 
are  the  purified 
passion,  unsel- 
fishness, loyalty, 
wherein  these 
thoughts  have 
had  their  being. 

—Maeterlinck. 
<*> 

O  long  as 
one  as- 
pires, daily  put- 
ting ideals  into 
c  ircul  a  t  i  on 
through  the  ave- 
nues of  home- 
making,  house- 
keeping, busi- 
ness relation- 
ships, keeping 
much  in  the  open 
air,  there  is  no 
danger  of  morbid 
introspection. 
Unless  we  make 
use  of  our  ideals 
they  are  nothing 
but  spiritual 
anesthetics.— 

Helen  Rhodes. 


r 


XT  is  only  the  sincerity  of  human  feeling 
that  abides.  As  for  a  thought,  we  know 
not,  it  may  be  deceptive;  but  the  love,  where- 
with we  have  loved  it,  will  surely  return  to 
our  soul ;  nor  can  a  single  drop  of  its  clearness 
or  strength  be  abstracted  by  error  jt  Of  that 
perfect  ideal  that  each  of  us  strives  to  build 
up  in  himself,  the  sum  total  of  all  our  thoughts 


HE  five 
writers  to 
whose  genius  we 
owe  the  first  at- 
tempt at  com- 
prehensive views 
of  history  were 

Bolingbroke,  Montesquieu,  Voltaire,  Hume,  and 
Gibbon.  Of  these,  the  first  was  but  a  cold  be- 
liever in  Christianity  if,  indeed,  he  believed  in 
it  at  all  ;  and  the  other  four  were  avowed  and 
notorious  infidels.  —  Buckle. 

jft 

The  man  who  does  you  an  injury  will  seldom 
forgive  you  for  it.  —  Dr.  W.  C.  Cooper. 


NO  TASTE  NOR    TEMPER    THE  "MORNING  AFTER" 
PROVIDED     IT     WAS     SCHILLING'S     BEST 


February 


THE  FRA 


xxiu 


Do  You  Believe  In  Cleanliness? 

HOLKS  who  value  their  health  know  that  Nature  requires  co-operation  and 
assistance.  This  body  of  ours  may  accomplish  great  things  and  stand  many 
abuses,    but   even   Human   Machinery  eventually  shows  wear  and  tear. 
CfTo  maintain  a  standard  of  excellence  and  eliminate  depreciation,  watch- 
fulness and  kind  care  are  essential.  You  insure  against  breakage  and  long  stays  in 
the  repair-shop  by  taking  an  occasional  INTERNAL  BATH.  Q  There  is  just  one 
and  only  one  effective  Internal  Bath  which  has  been  before  the  public  for  years 
— which  operates  in  such  a  way  as  to  leave  no  ill  effect  whatever  after  using — which 
is  so  near  to  Nature's  own  way  that  it  does  not  force  but  assists  her — that  one  is  the 

J.B.L.  CASCADE 


Thousands  are  using  it  with  great 


Every  One  Ought  to  Read  This 

SUCCESS  MAGAZINE 

NEW  YORK,  February  28,  1908 
CHAS.  H.  TYRRELL,  M.  D. 

My  Dear  Sir:  About  two  months  ago  I  was  induced  by 
a  friend  in  this  office  to  purchase  one  of  your  "J.  B.  L. 
Cascades."  I  was  exceedingly  skeptical  about  your  propo- 
sition, and  it  was  with  great  indifference  that  I  gave  it  a 
trial.  The  result  has  been  little  short  of  amazing.  It  has 
practically  made  a  new  man  of  me  and  has  given  me  the 
relief  I  had  been  looking  for  for  years. 

I  have  taken  pleasure  in  recommending  the  Cascade  to 
a  number  of  my  friends  and  will  continue  to  recommend  it. 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  write  this  little  note  of 
grateful  appreciation.  Yours  very  truly, 

(Signed)    DAVID  D.  LEE 


results  and  corresponding  enthusiasm.  Some  of 
their  experiences,  and  most  interesting  infor- 
mation on  the  Internal  Bath,  its  purpose,  its 
reasons  and  its  results,  are  contained  in  a  little 
book  called,  "The  What,  The  Why,  The 
Way, ' '  which  will  be  sent  you  free  on  request. 
We  suggest  that  you  write  for  it  now,  while 
it  is  on  your  mind. 

TYRRELL    HYGIENIC   INSTITUTE 

321    V  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 


ALL    THIS    CAN 


French,  German 
Spanish  or  Italian 

To  speak  it,  to  understand  it,  to 
read  it,  to  write  it,  there  is  but  one 
best  way. 

You   must   hear  it  spoken 
correctly,    over    and    over, 
till  your  ear  knows  it. 
You    must    see   it   printed 
correctly    till     your    eye 
knows  it. 
You  must  talk  it  and  write  it. 

BE    DONE    BEST     BY     THE 

Language-Phone  Method 

Co±hned  Rosenthal's    Practical    Linguistry 

With  this  method  you  buy  a  native  professor  outright. 
You  own  him.  He  speaks  as  you  choose,  slowly  or  quickly, 
when  you  choose,  night  or  day,  for  a  few  minutes  or  hours 
at  a  time. 

Any  one  can  learn  a  foreign  language  who  hears  it 
spoken  often  enough;  and  by  this  method  you  can  hear  it 
as  often  as  you  like.  Begin  now  and  in  a  few  months 
you  can  speak,  read,  write  and  think  in  a  new  language. 
C[The  method  is  recommended  by  well-known  members 
of  the  faculties  of  the  following  universities  and  colleges: 
Yale,  Columbia,  Chicago,  Brown,  Pennsylvania, 
Boston,  Princeton,  Cornell,  Syracuse,  Minnesota, 
John  Hopkins,  Virginia,  Colorado,  Michigan,  Ford- 
ham,  Manhattan,  De  La  Salle,  St.  Joseph's,  St.  Francis 
Xavier. 
Sendfjr  booklet,  explanatory  literature,  and  testimonial  letters 

THE  LANGUAGE. PHONE  METHOD 

865  Metropolis  Building,  Broadway  and  16th  Street,  New  York  City 


VICK  QUALITY 

SEEDS 

are  grown  where  good  seeds  are  known. 
Cf  You  get  the  best  Vegetable  or  Flower 
Garden  when  you  use  the  best  methods 
of  planting  and  after-care.  This  in- 
struction can  be  easily  obtained  from 

VICK'S  GARDEN 
AND  FLORAL  GUIDE 

which  is  not  only  a  catalogue,  but  a  book 
of  value  to  every  grower  of  Vegetables, 
Flowers  or  Fruit.  It  tells  when,  where, 
and  how  to  plant,  illustrates  many  of  the 
new  and  desirable  varieties — and  it  is 
reliable,  too.  It  is  free  if  you  ask  for  it. 

JAMES  VICK'S  SONS 

FIVE  HUNDRED  AND  THIRTY-TWO  MAIN  STREET,  EAST 

ROCHESTER,    NEW    YORK,    U.S.A. 


xxiv 


THE  FRA 


February 


WRITING    PAPER 

|OUR  stationery  tells  its  own 
story.  Sloppy,  mussy,  cheap 
writing  paper  creates  an  atmos- 
phere that  stifles  friendship. 
Good  taste,  good  breeding  and 
good  character  distinguish  the 
people  who  use  Roycroft  Paper. 
Any  Quantity — Fair  Prices. 

First  Bound  Volume  of 

THE    FRA 

The  first  six  FRAS  including  Cover 
Portraits,  Text  and  Advertisements, 
bound  in  heavy  boards,  leather  back, 
with  title  in  Gold.  A  limited  number. 
Each  $3.00 

Cover  Portraits  by  Gaspard,  first  six  numbers: 
Joe  Jefferson  Walt  Whitman  Emerson 

Victor  Hugo  Franklin  Ellen  Terry 

THE    ROYCROFTERS,     East    Aurora,    New   York 


R   U   B   A    I   Y    A   T 

OMAR         KHAYYAM 

A  Book  of  Verses  underneath  the  Bough, 
A  Jug  of  Wine,  a  Loaf  of  Bread,  and  Thou — 

(Old  Omar's  Song  has  sweetened  with  the  years) 
Oh,  Wilderness  were  Paradise  enow! 

Without  Omar  Khayyam's  Poetical  Philosophy  as 
seasoning,  all  other  brands  are  quite  tasteless.  Eight 
hundred  years  have  passed,  yet  the  Persian  with 
his  Jug  and  Thou  still  holds  the  center  of  the 
"  New  Thought "  stage.  <]|  Bound  in  limp  leather, 
silk  lining,  with  marker.  Price  -  $2.00 


Roycroft    Rag    Mats 

)OVEN  roycroftie  by  hand  on  the 
Old  Fashioned  Looms — by  girls 
sixty  years  young !  Some  of  these  girls 
work  three  hours  a  day  and  some  work 
less ;  meeting  as  a  Social  Sewing  Circle 
with  an  aim  to  perpetuating  local  topics. 
Freedom  of  Speech  and  a  great  disdain 
for  things  financial,  lift  our  weavers 

above  the  level.  But  the  rugs  reflect  the  care 
and  skill  of   the   last  generation.  $1.25   the  Yard. 

THE  ROYCROFTERS,  East  Aurora,  New  York 


BOUND    PHILISTINES 

COMPLETE  SETS  cannot  be  pur- 
chased at  any  price — but  we  have  on 
hand  a  few  odd  Bound  Volumes  of  The 
Good  Stuff.  Perhaps  we  have  just  the 
one  you  need  to  complete  your  set. 
QSix  numbers  in  each  volume:  Mot- 
toes, text,  ads,  quibs,  cracks  and 
original  covers,  all  included.  Board 
binding,  with  leather  back — just  ONE 
DOLLAR  a  volume. 


Leather     Card    Cases 

Dainty  little  Card  Cases,  hand 
modeled,  floral  designs,  stained 
an  artistic  greenish-gray  %&$£ 
Very  neat  and  durable.  Three  sizes 

41-2  inches  long  -  -  -  $1.50 
4  inches  long  -  -  -  1.25 
31-2  inches  long  -  -  -  1.00 

THE    ROYCROFTERS,     East    Aurora,    New    York 


GOAT    SKINS 

^TELVET  finish,  untrimmed, 
*^  discreetly  stamped  with 
Roycroft  mark  in  corner.  Can  be 
had  in  these  colors — Old  Rose, 
Brown,  Gray,  Maroon,  Green, 
Wine.  They  introduce  an  artistic 
atmosphere  wherever  displayed 
Size,  between  five  and  eight  square  feet 
Price  by  Mail,  say  Two  DOLLARS 

COMFORT  PILLOWS 

When  arranging  a  cosy  corner  or  a  window  seat, 
or  when  seeking  to  extract  just  another  mite  of 
comfort  from  that  Old-fashioned  Arm  Chair,  please 
remember  Our  Comfort  Pillows.  <J  Roycroft  Pillows 
are  generously  made  by  placing  two  whole  goat 
skins  over  a  Pillow,  then  lacing  them  securely  with 
leather  thongs.  Edges  cut  or  uncut,  as  desired. 
Stamped  roycroftie  and  blest  by  the  Pastor. 

Colors:  Brown,  pray,  ecru,  old  rose,  green  and  maroon.  Size:  Twen- 
ty by  twenty  inches.  Price  is  $5.00  and  $8.00  according  to  quality. 

THE  ROYCROFTERS,  East  Aurora,  New  York 


February 


THE  FRA 


xxv 


T  is  at  all 
times  the 
individual,  and 
not  the  age,  that 
preaches  the 
truth.  It  was  the 
age  that  gave 
Socrates  his 
hemlock.  It  was 
the  age  that 
burnt  Huss.  The 
age  is  always  the 
same.  —  Goethe. 

j» 

aOVEisthe 
only  bow 
on  life's  dark 
cloud.  It  is  the 
morning  and  the 
evening  star.  It 
shines  upon  the 
babe,  and  sheds 
its  radiance  on 
the  quiet  tomb. 
It  is  the  mother 
of  art,  inspirer 
of  poet,  patriot 
and  philosopher. 
It  is  the  air  and 
light  of  every 
heart — builder 
of  every  home, 
kindler  of  every 
fire  on  every 
hearth  Jt,  It  was 
the  first  to  dream 
of  immortality. 
It  fills  the  world 
with  melody— 
for  music  is  the 
voice  of  love. 
Love  is  the  ma- 
gician, the  en- 
chanter, that  changes  worthless  things  to 
joy,  and  makes  right  royal  kings  and  queens 
of  common  clay  Jt  It  is  the  perfume  of  that 
wondrous  flower,  the  heart,  and  without  that 
sacred  passion,  that  divine  swoon,  we  are  less 
than  beasts;  but  with  it,  earth  is  heaven,  and 
we  are  gods. — Ingersoll. 

Jt 

The  ne  plus  ultra  of  wickedness  is  embodied  in 
what  is  commonly  presented  to  mankind  as  the 
creed  of  Christianity. — John  Stuart  Mill. 


will  give  his  Heart  to  Heart  Talk, 
The  March  of  the  Centuries,"  as  follows: 

ST.  LOUIS,  MO. — Friday  Evening,  February  12th.  Fine 
Arts,  "Memorial  Hall,"  Locust  and  19thSts.  Seats  on 
sale  at  Bollman  Bros.  Piano  Co.,  1  1  20  Olive  St. 

PITTSBURG,  PA— Tuesday  Evening,  February  23rd. 
Carnegie  Hall,  (North  Side).  Seats  on  sale  at  Boggs  & 
Buhl's  Book  Department  one  week  in  advance. 

BOSTON,  MASS— Thursday  Evening,  March  4th.  Chick- 
ering  Hall,  Huntington  Ave.  Seats  on  sale  at  Box  Office. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.— Friday  Evening,  March  the  1  9th. 
Witherspoon  Hall,  Walnut,  Juniper  and  Sansom  Streets. 
Seats  on  sale  at  John  Wanamaker's  Book  Department. 

NEW  YORK  CITY— Sunday  Evening,  March  28th. 
Carnegie  Hall,  58th  St.  and  7th  Ave.  Seats  on  sale  at 
Box  Office  one  week  in  advance. 

CHICAGO,  ILL. — Sunday  Afternoon  at  Three  o'Clock, 
April  4th.  Studebaker  Theatre.  Seats  on  sale  at  Box 
Office  one  week  in  advance. 

DENVER,  COL.— Tuesday  Evening,  April  6th.  Woman's 
Club  Hall,  Glenarm  Street.  Seats  on  sale  at  Business 
Office  of  "The  Denver  Post." 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL— Sunday  Afternoon,  at  Three 
o'Clock,  April  1  1th.  Van  Ness  Theatre,  Van  Ness 
Ave.  Seats  on  sale  at  Box  Office  one  week  in  advance. 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL.— Friday  Evening,  April  16th,  at 
Simpson's  Auditorium. 

On  these  Joyous  Occasions  named  above,  the  Price  of  Reserved 
Seats  will  be  just  Fifty  Cents,  and  no  more.  The  best  seats 
will  be  sold  to  those  Wise  Children  of  Light  who  first  apply 


the  sunburnt  faces  of  Gipsy  child- 
ren,  half  naked  though  they  be,  suggest 
a  drop  of  comfort.  It  is  a  pleasant  thing  to  see 
that  the  sun  has  been  there ;  to  know  that  the 
air  and  light  are  on  them  every  day;  to  feel 
that  they  are  children,  and  lead  children's 
lives;  that  if  their  pillows  be  damp,  it  is  with 
the  dews  of  heaven,  and  not  with  tears.— 
Charles  Dickens. 

.* 
THE  SENSE  OF  UNIVERSALITY  is  HEAVEN 


XXVI 


THE    FRA  February 


^tinting 


ROYCROFTERS  do  not  run  a  Job 

Printing  Garage.  However,  they  are 
willing  to  lend  their  skill,  time  and  talent  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Faithful  who  desire  printed 
publicity  in  precise  proportions.  So  if  your  dues 
are  paid  and  you  are  fletcherizing  and  practising 
deep  breathing,  thinking  well  of  everybody  (or 
fairly  so),  why  just  send  along  your  printing 
orders,  and  we  will  take  care  of  them.  We 
produce  both  Art  and  Artists,  and  what  is  better, 
we  reproduce  life.  We  can  supply  you  phosphorus 
and  original  designs  for  Folders,  Letter-  heads, 
Addresses,  Memorials,  Circulars  and  Booklets. 
We  print  anything  that  is  not  kiboshed  by 
Comstock.  We  fly  the  gonfalon  of  Health  and 
Success,  and  never  does  our  work  border  upon 
the  gonpeterxyx.  ^  As  before  intimated,  //^ou 
want  FINE  PRINTING  done  De  Luxe, 
come  and  nestle  under  our  Paisley  3&  38  55 


&opcrof  ters,  €a*t  Aurora, 


February 


THE  FRA 


xxvn 


THE     BABCOCK     "  O  P  T  I  M  U  S  ?! 


The  vital  element  in  business  economy  is  TIME.  This  condition  will  remain 
unalterable  as  long  as  twenty-four  hours  make  a  day.  From  start  to  finish, 

THE     BABCOCK     "OPTIMUS" 

is  the  recognition  of  this    fact,  materialized.  Into  this  unequaled    two-revolution    is   built  the  printer's  trinity, 


STRENGTH 


ACCURACY 


SPEED 


the  great  time  savers  of  Printerdom.  If  you  print,  write  us. 


THE  BABCOCK  PRINTING  PRESS  MANUFACTURING  CO.,   NEW  LONDON,  CONNECTICUT 

US  Park  Row,  New  York.      John  Hadclon  &  Co.,  Agts,  London.      Miller  &  Richard,  Gen'l  Agts  for  Canada,  Toronto,  Ont.,  Winnipeg,  Mnnit. 

BARNHART    BROS.    &    SPINDLER,    GENERAL    WESTERN    AGENTS,    CHICAGO,    ILLINOIS 


9/3^? 
e)^S>6 

m 

H 

• 

EVERY     MAN 
TO  HIS  TRADE 

WE  MAKE  INKS 

Buffalo  Printing  Ink  Works 
Buffalo,    New    York 

• 

& 

• 

ffi 

xxviii 


THE    FRA 


February 


heard  of  germs,  bacilli,  bugs,  microbes,  micrococci, 
bacteria,  vibrios,  spirilla  and  other  wild  and  woolly  free- 
traders of  disease.  You  Ve  heard  how  these  small  animals  exploit 
the  Rooseveltian  Idea  re  race  suicide.  You  've  heard  how  they 
multiply  faster  than  John-rabbits,  and  do  fifty-seven  times  as 
much  harm.  You  Ve  heard  how  they  caper  on  your  custard  pie 
and  skip  a  barn  dance  on  your  pudding. 

CJ  Further,  you've  heard  learned  men  discuss  eloquently  the 
habits  of  these  pithy  little  parasites.  You've  been  warned  and 
re-warned ;  even  your  sweetheart's  kiss,  so  you  're  told,  harbors  a  dozen  or 
two  of  these  unhealthy  marauders. 

CJ  Naturally  you're  frightened!  You  are  perfectly  willing  to  fight  any  visible 
foe,  but  to  combat  stealthy,  strike-and-dodge,  "work-while-you-sleep" 
antagonists,  puts  your  nerves  on  edge. 

^JThey  don't  fight  fair,  these  germs,  they  attack  only  the  weak  point  in 
your  defense ;  they  double-cross  you  when  your  guard  is  down. 
{JTTz/s  then  is  an  invitation  to  taJ^e  the  war  into  the  enemy's  country! 
ff  You've  heard  of  the  Ounce  of  Prevention — well,  an  Ounce  of  Preven- 
tion, in  Germ  Warfare,  and  an  Ounce  of  Dioxogen  are  the  same  thing. 

DIOXOGEN   KILLS    GERMS 

<J  Dioxogen,  like  the  wild  man  in  the  circus,  eats-em-alive ;  they  die  with 
their  boots  on !  They  die  on  the  spot  and  as  they  die  they  're  cremated. 
CJ  Dioxogen  is  the  standard  antiseptic  for  cleansing  mouth,  teeth,  throat, 
cuts,  wounds,  sores,  burns,  etc.,  and  for  keeping  sound  membranes  from 
becoming  infected.  Its  only  active  ingredient  is  Oxygen — the  same  Oxygen 
that  you  breathe  in  the  air  every  day.  It  has  no  injurious  effect  on  tissue. 

You      Can      See      It      Work 

Dioxogen  bubbles  whenever  it  touches  decomposing  substances  such  as  lodge  be= 
tween  the  teeth,  in  tooth  cavities,  or  in  wounds  and  sores.  It  will  not  bubble  when 
it  touches  healthy  tissues  containing  no  infectious  matter.  Hence  when  you  use 
Dioxogen  and  it  bubbles,  you  know  that  it  is  cleansing  the  tissues  and  removing 
the  germs  and  germ  products  which  produce  diseased  conditions.  Dioxogen  leaves 
injured  or  infected  tissues  in  the  best  possible  condition  to  heal  quickly.  <![  Rinse 
your  mouth  with  Dioxogen  and  see  how  it  bubbles  even  after  you  have  brushed 
your  teeth  carefully  with  any  other  preparation  and  think  they  are  clean.  (§  Dioxogen  has 
a  hundred  uses  'round  the  house;  it  serves  a  hundred  purposes;  it  saves  Doctor  Bills. 

A      S AMPLE      BOTTLE      F  R  E E 

To  all  Immortals  who  stand  for  cleanliness  and  health.  Just  write  a  postal 
and  declare  your  interest  in  Dioxogen.  Class  "  A  "  Druggists  sell  Dioxogen. 
Class  "B,"  "C"  and  "D "Coffer  "something  just  as  good."  Three  sizes, 
Twenty-five,  Fifty  and  Seventy-five  Cents.  Sold  only  in  sealed  packages. 

The     Oakland     Chemical     Company 

437       West      Broadway,       New      York       City 


MORE  VITALITY 
MORE   BUSINESS 
MORE     MONEY 


"  Besides  Feeling  Fine  Every  Minute  " 

So  writes  a  New  York  business  man  after  a  few  weeks'  instruction  in 
scientific  eating. 

MORE  VITALITY  BECAUSE  his  food  was  selected  right,  combined 
right,  proportioned  right,  chemically  harmonious  and  perfectly  balanced, 
appetite  satisfied  and  meals  delicious ;  all  the  nutrition  in  his  food  was  used 
by  his  body — nothing  to  make  waste  or  toxic  poisons. 
MORE  BUSINESS  BECAUSE  of  more  vitality,  more  energy  and  more 
endurance — and  hence  a  more  cheerful  mind  and  a  more  attractive  per- 
sonality. 

MORE  MONEY  BECAUSE  his  earning  power  was  doubled— 
"Besides  feeling  fine  every  minute."  A  sufferer  for  years  from  intestinal 
congestion,  stomach  trouble,  nervousness  and  the  ills  that  follow  these 
conditions.  CJ  This  is  but  one  example  of  the  hundreds  who  have  acknow- 
ledged in  writing  the  benefits  they  have  received  from  Applied  Food 
Chemistry,  my  system  of  scientific  dieting,  which  is  becoming  more  univer- 
sally recognized  every  day  among  thoughtful  people,  fj  I  DO  NOT  CURE 
DISEASE,  1  teach  you  how  to  remove  its  causes — Nature  will  do  the 
curing.  I  teach  you  how  to  select,  combine  and  balance  your  food,  accord- 
ing to  your  individual  requirements,  ^f  When  every  cell  in  the  body  is  full 
of  energy  and  life,  you  are  compelled  to  exercise — this  causes  deep  breath- 
ing, and  the  cheerfulness  and  joy  that  comes  with  perfect  health.  IJFood 
is  fundamental.  It  is  the  basis  of  health.  First,  eat  right  and  then,  exercise, 
deep  breathing,  and  good  cheer — the  three  other  great  essentials  to  health- 
will  come  automatically.  €J  My  work  is  scientific,  practical  and  fundamental. 
It  goes  down  to  causes  and  removes  them.  This  is  the  only  true  road  to 
health.  <J  I  most  earnestly  invite  your  investigation  of  my  method  of  teach- 
ing the  simple  science  of  human  nutrition.  <J  Ninety-two  per  cent  of  all 
human  disease  is  caused  by  errors  in  eating.  Is  not  this  subject  worth  your 
attention?  «JSend  for  my  little  book,  "HOW  FOODS  CURE."  You  will 
find  it  worth  while.  It  is  mailed  free  along  with  some  other  good  things. 


Suite  Forty-five 

7  East  4 1st  St.,  New  York 

CHRISTIAN'S  HEALTH-ORIUM  IS  AT  LAKEWOOD,  N.  J. 


WTM 


- 


MOME 


ion 


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